University of Tehran Public Law Studies Quarterly 2423-8120 55 4 2025 12 22 European Union Actions in Combating Cyber Terrorism European Union Actions in Combating Cyber Terrorism 2439 2458 102571 10.22059/jplsq.2024.360920.3335 FA Maryam Zabihi MA in International Law, Faculty of Law and Political Science, University of Tehran, Tehran‏,‏‎ Iran‎ Elham Aminzadeh Prof., Department of Public Law, Faculty of Law and Political Science‏,‏‎ University of Tehran, ‎Tehran, Iran‎ Journal Article 2023 06 16 Today, with the advancement of technology and its close integration with people’s daily lives, terrorism has extended its activities into cyberspace to exploit its unique characteristics for the expansion of its operations. In contrast, since states have not reached a consensus on a unified definition of terrorism, and consequently cyber terrorism, there exists a gap in effective and comprehensive criminal laws, especially at the international level. As a result, countries have currently turned to drafting laws of a protective and preventive nature to counter these attacks. At the regional level, particularly in Europe, significant measures have been undertaken that can serve as models for replication and expansion at the international level. Analysis of these actions indicates that the creation of specialized organizations and teams, development of military and security capabilities, cooperation with other countries and engagement with the private sector, specialized training, and the deployment of advanced equipment are among the measures implemented to confront and prevent cyber-terrorist attacks, yielding positive results Today, with the advancement of technology and its close integration with people’s daily lives, terrorism has extended its activities into cyberspace to exploit its unique characteristics for the expansion of its operations. In contrast, since states have not reached a consensus on a unified definition of terrorism, and consequently cyber terrorism, there exists a gap in effective and comprehensive criminal laws, especially at the international level. As a result, countries have currently turned to drafting laws of a protective and preventive nature to counter these attacks. At the regional level, particularly in Europe, significant measures have been undertaken that can serve as models for replication and expansion at the international level. Analysis of these actions indicates that the creation of specialized organizations and teams, development of military and security capabilities, cooperation with other countries and engagement with the private sector, specialized training, and the deployment of advanced equipment are among the measures implemented to confront and prevent cyber-terrorist attacks, yielding positive results https://jplsq.ut.ac.ir/article_102571_2d51028b2b2bf526d176cabf840f5f05.pdf