University of Tehran Public Law Studies Quarterly 2423-8120 51 4 2021 12 22 The Roots, Structure, and Evolution of Federalism in the Federal Republic of Germany The Roots, Structure, and Evolution of Federalism in the Federal Republic of Germany 1417 1435 82408 10.22059/jplsq.2021.304721.2472 FA Ali Sabbaghian Assistant Prof.,Department of Regional Studies, Faculty of Law and Political Science,University of Tehran, Tehran,Iran Journal Article 2020 06 18 The structure of the German federal system is constitutionally regulated at the four levels of the European Union: federal, land, and local government, including districts, cities, and towns. The distribution of competencies and powers between these levels of government is complex, rooted in the German historical tradition on the one hand, and on the functional aspects of the subject on the other. The main question of this article is what are the roots of federalism in the Federal Republic of Germany and how are the competencies and powers of the German government divided between the different layers of government and how has it evolved? Based on this hypothesis, the article examines that the formation of the Federal Republic of Germany in the post-World War II period is rooted in German historical traditions and seeks to combine the self-government of the German states with a joint government that gradually leads to equal equality of powers of federal level and the landers. The findings of the article show that federalism in the Federal Republic of Germany, since its establishment in the light of changing circumstances and in the framework of various constitutional amendments has gradually moved away from traditional federalism towards a kind of functional centralism federalism. The structure of the German federal system is constitutionally regulated at the four levels of the European Union: federal, land, and local government, including districts, cities, and towns. The distribution of competencies and powers between these levels of government is complex, rooted in the German historical tradition on the one hand, and on the functional aspects of the subject on the other. The main question of this article is what are the roots of federalism in the Federal Republic of Germany and how are the competencies and powers of the German government divided between the different layers of government and how has it evolved? Based on this hypothesis, the article examines that the formation of the Federal Republic of Germany in the post-World War II period is rooted in German historical traditions and seeks to combine the self-government of the German states with a joint government that gradually leads to equal equality of powers of federal level and the landers. The findings of the article show that federalism in the Federal Republic of Germany, since its establishment in the light of changing circumstances and in the framework of various constitutional amendments has gradually moved away from traditional federalism towards a kind of functional centralism federalism. https://jplsq.ut.ac.ir/article_82408_357072299e94523474753231c89fa305.pdf