University of Tehran Public Law Studies Quarterly 2423-8120 55 1 2025 03 21 An Analysis of the Challenges in Protecting Citizens' Rights in Iran: A ‎Case Study of the Judiciary Institution An Analysis of the Challenges in Protecting Citizens' Rights in Iran: A ‎Case Study of the Judiciary Institution 539 566 95059 10.22059/jplsq.2023.355818.3274 FA Mojtaba Shafiei Alavija Ph.D. Student in Law, Yazd Branch, Islamic Azad University, Yazd, Iran Seyed Mohsen Mirhosseini Assistant Prof., Department of Political Science, Faculty of Law and Political Science, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran Mohammad Kazem Emadzadeh Associate Prof., Department of Law, Faculty of Administrative Sciences and Economics, of Isfahan University, Iran Journal Article 2023 03 03 The importance of protecting citizens' rights within the political system of the Islamic Republic is such that it is reflected in all higher and lower-level documents. The Judiciary is responsible for supporting and enforcing justice and safeguarding citizens' rights based on Articles 156 and 169 of the Constitution. However, the question arises: what challenges does this institution face in fulfilling its fundamental duties as outlined in the Constitution? This research, using a descriptive-analytical method, shows that the Judiciary encounters challenges such as the existence of certain new concepts and instances regarding human dignity, negligence and lack of participation from other branches regarding their responsibilities, lack of financial independence of the Judiciary, the volume of incoming cases and prolonged litigation, conflicts in judicial decisions, inadequate communication between the three branches of government, insufficient interaction between the Judiciary and the Executive in the realm of criminal policy, lack of comprehensiveness and clarity in laws concerning public rights and freedoms, and ambiguities in the concepts of rights, duties, and citizenship. The importance of protecting citizens' rights within the political system of the Islamic Republic is such that it is reflected in all higher and lower-level documents. The Judiciary is responsible for supporting and enforcing justice and safeguarding citizens' rights based on Articles 156 and 169 of the Constitution. However, the question arises: what challenges does this institution face in fulfilling its fundamental duties as outlined in the Constitution? This research, using a descriptive-analytical method, shows that the Judiciary encounters challenges such as the existence of certain new concepts and instances regarding human dignity, negligence and lack of participation from other branches regarding their responsibilities, lack of financial independence of the Judiciary, the volume of incoming cases and prolonged litigation, conflicts in judicial decisions, inadequate communication between the three branches of government, insufficient interaction between the Judiciary and the Executive in the realm of criminal policy, lack of comprehensiveness and clarity in laws concerning public rights and freedoms, and ambiguities in the concepts of rights, duties, and citizenship. https://jplsq.ut.ac.ir/article_95059_86eef8827587fa4a932d38988a6676fb.pdf