University of Tehran Public Law Studies Quarterly 2423-8120 55 1 2025 03 21 A Comparison of the Commitment to "Due Diligence" in ‎International Space Law and the Law of the Sea A Comparison of the Commitment to "Due Diligence" in ‎International Space Law and the Law of the Sea 151 176 99397 10.22059/jplsq.2024.360524.3328 FA Hamid Alhooii Nazari Assistant Prof., Department of Public Law, Faculty of Law and Political Science, University of ‎Tehran, Tehran, Iran‎ Abolfazl Moshiri Ph.D. Student in Public International Law, Department of Public Law, Faculty of Law and Political ‎Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.‎ 0009-0005-9774-1976 Shirin Faqih Baghmisheh MA. in International Relations, Department of International Relations, Faculty of Law and Political ‎Science, University of Kharazmi, Tehran, Iran‎ Journal Article 2023 06 13 International law obliges states to give due diligence to each other's rights and interests in their international activities, whether in the air, space, or at sea. This obligation, which has little precedent in international law, first appeared in international conventions related to aviation, the seas, and space. Nearly eighty years after the emergence of this concept, the lack of widespread state and judicial practice in the international arena has led to ongoing difficulties and ambiguities in its interpretation. In this paper, we aim to present two meanings of due regard by interpreting relevant treaties and studying existing judicial practices: 1. Considering a matter as a criterion in decision-making, and 2. Creating a balance between the rights and interests of two or more states that are similar and equal before taking action when there are symmetrical powers and competencies. The second meaning is more significant and has been somewhat addressed in judicial practices. Due diligence gives rise to both negative and positive obligations, some of which are found in treaties as separate commitments.<br />  International law obliges states to give due diligence to each other's rights and interests in their international activities, whether in the air, space, or at sea. This obligation, which has little precedent in international law, first appeared in international conventions related to aviation, the seas, and space. Nearly eighty years after the emergence of this concept, the lack of widespread state and judicial practice in the international arena has led to ongoing difficulties and ambiguities in its interpretation. In this paper, we aim to present two meanings of due regard by interpreting relevant treaties and studying existing judicial practices: 1. Considering a matter as a criterion in decision-making, and 2. Creating a balance between the rights and interests of two or more states that are similar and equal before taking action when there are symmetrical powers and competencies. The second meaning is more significant and has been somewhat addressed in judicial practices. Due diligence gives rise to both negative and positive obligations, some of which are found in treaties as separate commitments.<br />  https://jplsq.ut.ac.ir/article_99397_09f4ecf869bad107b0de7c10c392f673.pdf