The Position of the National Security Exception in the World Trade ‎Organization and International Case Law

Ghanbari Jahromi, Mohammad Jafar; Manavi Attar, Mohammad Javad

doi:10.22059/jplsq.2025.383459.3618

Articles in Press

Document Type : Article

Authors

¹ Associate Pro., Department of International Law, Faculty of Law, Shahid Beheshti University, ‎Tehran, Iran‎

² Ph.D. International Commercial and Investment Law, University of Study Faculty of Law, Shahid ‎Beheshti Universtiy, Tehran, Iran

https://doi.org/10.22059/jplsq.2025.383459.3618

Abstract

Examining the position of the national security exception in WTO and international case law is very important since in recent years we have seen unprecedented references to the national security exception by countries for not fulfilling their obligations, and the continuation of this trend in the near future will definitely endanger the international legal system. In this regard, the most important questions are: the conditions for invoking national security exception, its legal effects, and finally, the mechanisms to deal with these challenges going forward. By examining the latest findings of the international judicial precedent, especially the "Russia Transit" WTO case and the "Certain Iranian Assets" ICJ case, it may be concluded that only when the actions taken are “necessary” and "proportionate" with the aim of maintaining national security and are adopted with "good faith", the invoking country is exempted from its obligations and responsibility. Establishing a balance between conflicting interests by the tribunal and accepting the reference to national security as long as it is compatible with the criteria of reasonableness are two mechanisms to tackle the challenges arsing from the invocation of security exception.

Keywords

Main Subjects

Public International Law

References

English
1. A) Books
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1. B) Articles
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1. C) Decisions
2. ‏Bank Markazi v. Peterson, United States Court of Apeals 2016.
3. Belgium v. Senegal, ICJ Reports 2009
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References In Persian:
1. A) Books
2. Falsafi, H.A. (2014). Eternal Peace and the Rule of Law, the Dialectic of Similarities and Difference. Tehran: Farhang-e Nashr-e Nu. (in Persian)
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1. B) Articles
2. Kadkhodaee, A., & Jalili, S. R. (2022). Citing National Security Exceptions in the System of International Treaties. The Quarterly Journal of Public Law Research, 24(75), 45-78. DOI: 10.22054/QJPL.2021.58257.2553. (in Persian)
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4. Noori, J., & Pirmoradi, A. (2021), Intrepretation of the Security Exception in the WTO in the Light of the Panel Report in Russia-Ukraine Dispute. Private Law Studies Quarterly, 51(4), 807-826. DOI: 10.22059/JLQ.2022.303294.1007384. (in Persian)

Public Law Studies Quarterly

The Position of the National Security Exception in the World Trade ‎Organization and International Case Law

References

References

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript
Available Online from 13 March 2025

The Position of the National Security Exception in the World Trade ‎Organization and International Case Law

References

References

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript Available Online from 13 March 2025

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript
Available Online from 13 March 2025