Authors

1 Ph.D. Student in Public Law, Kish International Campuse, University of Tehran, Kish, Iran

2 Associate Prof., Department of Public Law, Faculty of Law and Political Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

3 Prof., Department of Public Law, Faculty of Law and Political Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

Abstract

The present paper aimed to develop a working model for the enactment and supervision of railway transport regulations in Iran drawing on the experience of railway modernization in the United Kingdom and Germany and comparing it with the modernization experience in Iran. The findings of the paper analyzed via comparison and benchmarking showed that the Community-Based Transport Model or the modified British Franchising Model would be the best models for railway transport regulation in Iran. Such a model needs to be formulated in a manner that the structure and configuration of its governing body guarantee the three principles of independence, expertise, and recognition pertaining the role of civil, trade, and private societies on the level of the government’s representatives.

Keywords

  1.  English

    1. A) Books
    2. Cullen, P. J. & Goetz, K. H. (2013). Constitutional Policy in Unified Germany. London: Routledge.
    3. Vuchic, V. (2005). Urban Transit: Operations, Planning and Economics. Hoboken: Wiley.
    4. Weber, B., Staub-Bisang, M., & Alfen, H. W. (2016). Infrastructure as an Asset Class: Investment Strategy, Sustainability, Project Finance and PPP. New York: John Wiley & Sons.

     

    1. B) Articels
    2. Alexandersson, G. (2009). Rail privatisation and competitive tendering in Europe. Built Environment 35(1), 37-52.
    3. Butcher, L. (2018). Passenger rail services in England. The House of Commons Library. Number CBP 6521, 9 January, Available: http://researchbriefings.files.parliament.uk/documents/SN06521/SN06521.pdf
    4. Currie, G. (2016). Deregulation, Franchising, Outsourcing and Corporatisation in Local Public Transport. ITF Discussion Paper 10(1), 2-27.
    5. Jupe, R., & Funnell, W. (2017). A highly successful model’? The rail franchising business in Britain. Business History 59(6), 844-876.
    6. Joseph, U. A. (2016). The 'Made in Germany' Champion Brands: Nation Branding, Innovation and World Export Leadership. London: Routledge.
    7. Kennedy, C. Miller, E., Shalaby, A., McLean, H., & Coleman, J. (2005). The Four Pillars of Sustainable Urban Transportation. Transport Reviews 25(2), 393–414.
    8. Li, C. A., & Stittle, J. (2014). Privatisation and Franchising of British Train Operations. Australian Accounting Review 68(24), 53-65.
    9. Link, H. (2003). Rail Restructuring in Germany. Japan Railway & Transport Review 3(34), 42-49.
    10. Nash, C., Nilsson, J. & Link, H. (2013). Comparing Three Models for Introduction of Competition into Railways. Journal of Transport Economics and Policy 27(2),191-206.
    11. Nikitinas, V., & Dailydka, S. (2016). The Models of Management of Railway Companies in the European Union: Holding, the German Experience. 9th International Scientific Conference Transbaltica 2015, Procedia Engineering 134(2016), 80-88.
    12. Prosser, T., & Butler, L. (2018). Rail Franchises, Competition and Public Service. The Modern Law Review 81(1), 23-50.
    13. Welsby, J., & Nichols, A. (1999). The Privatisation of Britain's Railways: An Inside View. Journal of Transport Economics and Policy 33(1), 55-76.
    14. Dark, J. (2017). Rail Franchising. Eracura Consulting 161(2), 22-25.
    15. Harrison, E. (2016). A Better Railway for Britain; Re-unifying our railways under public ownership. London: Bring Back British Rail
    16. Johnson, L. (2006). Big Roads, No Transport-Community Mapping for Transport Improvements. Refereed Proceedings of 2nd Bi-Annual National Conference on the State of Australian Cities, Griffith University, Available: http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.609.792&rep=rep1&type=pdf
    17. Smith, A. (2016). Liberalisation of passenger rail services; Case Study – Britain.
    18. DfT (2013). The Brown Review of the Rail Franchising Programme. Cm 8526, January, Available: http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20150209001108/https:/www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/49453/cm-8526.pdf
    19. DfT (2013). The Brown Review of the Rail Franchising Programme. Cm 8526, January, Available: http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20150209001108/https:/www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/49453/cm-8526.pdf
    20. DfT (2017). Transport Statistics Great Britain November, Available: https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/661933/tsgb-2017-report-summaries.pdf
    21. DfT (2017). Transport Statistics Great Britain. November, Available: https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/661933/tsgb-2017-report-summaries.pdf
    22. DTS (2017). "Domestic freight transport, by mode: 1953 to 2016", Available: https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/692344/tsgb0401.ods
    23. EC (2013). “Case AT. 39915–Deutsche Bahn III”, European Commission, Available: http://ec.europa.eu/competition/antitrust/cases/dec_docs/39915/39915_457_4.pdf
    24. Mobility Network Logistics (2013). 2008 Management Report and Financial Statements. Deutsche Bahn AG, Available: https://www1.deutschebahn.com/resource/blob/1045750/00127bd31dd8900559308d0b07c8608d/2008_gb_dbag_en-data.pdf
    25. Johnson, L. (2006). Big Roads, No Transport-Community Mapping for Transport Improvements. Refereed Proceedings of 2nd Bi-Annual National Conference on the State of Australian Cities, Griffith University, Available: http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.609.792&rep=rep1&type=pdf
    26. Centre on Regulation in Europe (CERRE). December, Available: http://www.cerre.eu/sites/cerre/files/161206_CERRE_PassRailComp_CaseStudy_Britain.pdf
    27. Transport Committee (2017). Rail Franchising. HC 66, 30 January, Available: https://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm201617/cmselect/cmtrans/1145/1145.pdf
    28. UNESCAP (2009). What is Good Governance. United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific, Available: https://www.unescap.org/sites/default/files/good-governance.pdf
    29. SRA (2002). Franchising policy statement. November, Available: http://web.archive.org/web/20031203000133if_/http://www.sra.gov.uk:80/publications/other/2002_11_06/franchising_policy_statement.pdf
    30. Destatis (2017a). Passengers carried in Germany. Available: https://www.destatis.de/EN/FactsFigures/EconomicSectors/TransportTraffic/PassengerTransport/Tables/PassengersCarried.html
    31. Destatis (2017b). Goods transport in Germany Available: https://www.destatis.de/EN/FactsFigures/EconomicSectors/TransportTraffic/GoodsTransport/Tables/GoodstransportLR.html
    32. Government Digital Service (2016). Stephen Glaister reappointed as chair of the ORR. Available: https://www.gov.uk/government/news/stephen-glaister-reappointed-as-chair-of-the-orr
    33. ORR (2017). Passenger journeys by year. Available: https://dataportal.orr.gov.uk/displayreport/html/html/02136399-b0c5-4d91-a85e-c01f8a48e07e

     

     

    References In Persian:

    1. Haderi, D. (2010). Legal Insyitntions for Regulatory Regulatory Rule-Making:Structure and Execuive Mechanisms.Tehran:Ezzat Publication.
    2. Khazaei, A. (2000). Towards Privatization. Donya-ye Eqtesad (EconomicWorld), No.12343, Khordad, P.11.
    3. Mahmoudi, A., & Arashpour, A. (2017). Global Politics, (24),174-196.
    4. Mahmoodi, A., & Arashpor, A. (2017). Good Governance; the Mechanism for Creating Capacity for the Realization of Development. World Politics, 213-236. DOI: 10.22124/wp.2018.2795