English
A) Book
1. Henckaerts, J.M. H. & Doswald-Beck, L. (2009). Customary International Humanitarian Law, International Committee of Red Cross, Cambridge, V.I: Rules.
2. Virzo, R. & Francesco Orzan, M. (2022). The Crime of Mass Starvation: Prosecution and Legal Strategies in International Law.
B) Article
3. Akande, D. & Gillard, E.-C. (2019). Conflict-induced Food Insecurity and the War Crime of Starvation of Civilians as a Method of Warfare. Journal of International Criminal Justice, 17(4).
4. Alessandra, F. & Matthew, G. (2019). The War Crime of Starvation in Non-International Armed Conflict. Journal of International Criminal Justice, 17.
5. Bartels, R. (2015). Denying Humanitarian Access as an International Crime in Times of Non-International Armed Conflict: The Challenges to Prosecute and Some Proposals for the Future. 48 Israel Law Review.
6. Conley, B. & de Waal, A. (2019). The Purposes of Starvation: Historical and Contemporary Use. Journal of International Criminal Justice, Vol. 17, Issue 4.
7. Call well, C.E. (1996). Small Wars: Their Principles and Practice. University of Nebraska Press.
8. Claire, T. (2005). Civilian Starvation: A Just Tactic of War?. Journal of Military Ethics, Vol. 4, No. 2.
9. Hasan, A. & Buheji, M. (2024). A World Losing Its Legitimacy - Gaza from Collective Punish till Ethnic Cleansing & Genocide. International Journal of Management (IJM), 15(1), 188-209.
10. Hutter, S. (2015). Starvation as a Weapon-Domestic Policies of Deliberate Starvation as a Means to an End under International Law. Leiden, Boston: Brill Nijhof.
11. Samson, E. (2010). Is Gaza occupied: Redefining the status of Gaza under International law. Amuilr, Vol. 25.
12. Sen, A. (ed.) (1999). Development as Freedom. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
13. Smith, T. W. (2016). Human Rights and War Through Civilian Eyes. University of Pennsylvania Press.
14. McFarland, T. (2022) Minimum Levels of Human Intervention in Autonomous Attacks, Journal of Conflict and Security Law, Volume 27, Issue 3, Winter 2022, Pages 387–409.
15. Velenczei, D. V. (2022). A Progressive Programmer of Starvation: The Gaza Strip Blockade as the Crime against Humanity of Extermination. ELTE Law Journal, No. 2.
16. Ventura, M. J. (2019). Prosecuting Starvation under International Criminal Law: Exploring the Legal Possibilities. Journal of International Criminal Justice, Vol. 17, Issue 4.
17. Simone, H. (2015). Starvation As a Weapon: Domestic Policies of Deliberate Starvation As a Means to an End under International Law. BRILL.
C) Document
18. Laws and Customs of War on Land (Hague IV), 1899, preamble.
19. Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and relating to the Protection of Victims in International Armed Conflicts (Protocol I), 8 June 1977, Article 54. (hereinafter Additional Protocol I.)
20. Art 48, 1977 Additional Protocol I, at: https://www.icrc.org/ihl/INTRO/470.12-09-2024.
21. UN Security Council Resolution NO. 2417 (S/RES/2417, 24 May 2018.(
22. Support for the Swiss Amendment to the Rome Statute of the ICC’, See SUPRA note 190. https://starvationaccountability.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/blog-on-amendment-RS-PDF.pdf.2024-09-09.
D) Site
23. https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/hunger/31-10-2024.
24. https://apnews.com/article/israel-hamas-war-news-12-21-2023-7d9718b32bf0d308c44c7c9e3c4e0deb. 06-10-2024
25. https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/hunger/31/10/2024
26. https://apnews.com/article/israel-hamas-war-news-12-21-2023-7d9718b32bf0d308c44c7c9e3c4e0deb. 06-10-2024
27. 9 C. Urquhart, ‘Gaza on the Brink of implosion as aid cut-off starts to bite’, The Observer, 15 April 2006, available at https://www.theguardian.com/world/2006/apr/16/israel 06-09-2024.
28. https://www.ohchr.org/en/press-releases/2024/07/un-experts-declare-famine-has-spread-throughout-gaza-strip-02-10-2024.
29. https://wenewsenglish.pk/french-parliamentary-delegation-calls-for-immediate-ceasefire-in-gaza/13/08/2024.
30. CRC, ‘Rule 53: Starvation as a Method of Warfare’, available at: https://ihl-databases.icrc.org/ customary-ihl/eng/docs/v1_rul_rule53
31. The Gaza Strip| The Humanitarian impact of 15 years of Blockade’ (published in June 2022), available at: https://www.unicef.org/mena/documents/gaza-strip-humanitarian-impact-15-years-blockade-june-2022.
32. https://www.un.org/en/genocideprevention/documents/atrocity-crimes/Doc.34_AP-I-EN.pdf.p267.11-09-2024
33. https://www.un.org/en/genocideprevention/documents/atrocity-crimes/Doc.35_AP-II-EN.pdf.p319. .11-09-2024
34. https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/5a806bf540f0b62305b8b0f2/Improving-Food-Security-for-People-of-Gaza.pdf-01-10-2024.
35. https://opil.ouplaw.com/display/10.1093/law:epil/9780199231690/law-9780199231690-e310-26-10-2024.
36. https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/20240207-spain-suspends-arms-exports-to-israel-reiterates-need-for-palestine-statehood/16-08-2024.
37. https://ihl-databases.icrc.org/en/ihl-treaties/hague-decl-iv-3-1899. 16-08-2024.
38. https://www.un.org/en/genocideprevention/documents/atrocity-crimes/Doc.34_AP-I-EN.pdf-11-09-2024.
39. https://www.theguardian.com/world/article/2024/sep/10/what-is-al-mawasi-and-why-did-israel-attack-safe-zone-gaza-khan-younis12-09-2024.
40. Art.14 of Lieber Code, at: http://avalon.law.yale.edu/19th_century/lieber.asp.09-09-2024.
41. https://www.un.org/en/genocideprevention/documents/atrocity-crimes/Doc.34_AP-I-EN.pdf.p258.11-09-2024
42. https://www.un.org/unispal/document/security-council-resolution-s-res-2720-22dec2023/01-10-2024.
43. https://edition.cnn.com/2024/03/20/media/israel-journalists-killed-questions/index.html12-09-2024.
44. https://time.com (2023), Is What’s Happening in Gaza a Genocide? Experts Weigh In, Accessed November. 2023
Resources
(in Persian)
A) Books
1. Ziaei Bigdali, M.R. (2022). International Humanitarian Law. 6th edition. Tehran: Ganj Danesh Publishing (In Persian).
2. International Committee of the Red Cross (2017). International Humanitarian Law, Answers to Your Questions. Tehran: International Committee of the Red Cross Publications (In Persian).
B) Article
3. Al-Hawie Nazari, H. & Obeidiya, M. (2014). An Analysis of Women’s Rights in Armed Conflicts from the Perspective of the International Committee of the Red Cross. Quarterly Journal of Public Law Studies, 54(1), 284-308 (In Persian).
4. Piri, H. (2014). Martens’ Environmental Condition and Environmental Protection in Armed Conflicts; With Emphasis on the 2019 Draft Principles of the International Law Commission. Legal Research, 26 (102), 349-373 (In Persian).
5. Tadini, A. & Hayati, S. (2018). The International Responsibility of the Zionist Regime in the Aggressions against Gaza. Quarterly Journal of Middle East Studies, 25(1-2), 189-206 (In Persian).
6. Sharifi-Tarazkouhi, H. et al. (2014). Principles of International Humanitarian Law in the Face of New Military Weapons: Challenges and Solutions. Journal of Legal Studies, 22(54), 7-39 (In Persian).
7. Dehghani, P., Ramezani Ghavamabadi, M.H., & Alipour, M.R. (2013). Martens Condition in International Criminal Law. Criminal Law Doctrines, 19(23), 123-156 (In Persian).
8. Lesani, H. (2013). Analysis of the Scope of the Concept of Guarantee of Compliance in Common Article 1 of the 1949 Geneva Conventions. Legal Research Quarterly, 26(4), 63-82 (In Persian).
9. Jahan Tigh, H. & Najafi, H. (2018). The Role and Status of the Additional Protocol to the 1949 Geneva Conventions in International Law. Public Law Research Quarterly, 2(5), 24-66 (In Persian).
10. Haji Esmaili, M. (2014). Identifying Israeli War Crimes in the 2023 Israel-Hamas War under the Framework of the Statute of the International Criminal Court. Quarterly Journal of Legal Studies, 16(1), 319-354 (In Persian).
11. Sadeghi Awal, H., Manafi Varkiani, A. (1403). Representation of the legal dimensions of the October 2023 conflict on the Instagram pages of BBC Persian and Iran International. Quarterly Journal of Legal Studies, 16 (1), 355-390 (In Persian).
12. Sadeghi, M. R., Zamani, Q. (2024). Educational Implications of International Tribunals for the Goals and Approach of the Court. A New Approach to Educational Management, 14 (2), 211- 198 (In Persian).
13. Abedini, A. (2022). Addressing the Crimes of Aggression by Israeli Authorities in the International Criminal Court. Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology Research, 10(19), 319-342 (In Persian).
14. Foroughi Nia, H., Naqvi Marrami, M., & Naqvi Marrami, A. (2014). The Nature of States’ Obligations Regarding the Right to Food from the Perspective of International Human and Humanitarian Law. Bi-Quarterly Journal of Islamic Human Rights Studies, 3(7), 1-29 (In Persian).
15. Foroughi, F. (2014). A Reflection on the Feasibility of Domestic and International Prosecution of the Crimes Committed by the Zionist Regime in Gaza. Quarterly Journal of Legal Studies, 16(1), 179-228 (In Persian).
16. Momeni Rad, A. & Asemi, G. (2014). The Rights of Children with Disabilities in Armed Conflicts. Quarterly Journal of Public Law Studies, 54(3), 1605-1619 (In Persian).
17. Nouri, V. & Zamani, Q. (2018). Applying the Principle of Proportionality in Non-International Armed Conflicts. Quarterly Journal of Public Law Research, 19(58), 9-27 (In Persian).
