Author

Ph.D. in International Law, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

Abstract

Today, international law is not confined to regulating the relations between the states and has recognized numerous rights for persons. Nevertheless, there are no effective enforcement mechanisms for these rights. Due to lack of central enforcement agencies, including executive, legislative and judiciary, international community has no centralized authority; thereby international law relies heavily on the actions of national agencies. A judiciary that is independent of the national Government and employs international standards is indeed a perfect forum to interpret, apply and develop international norms. The present article tries to examine practices and approaches of national courts towards the enforcement and development of international law.

Keywords

الف: فارسی
1)کتب
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نکته قابل توجه در این رابطه اینکه، کتاب اسلوس 2009 در واقع کتاب ایشان نیست بلکه مجموعه مقالاتی از 13 نویسنده از کشورهای مختلف است که عموماً در خصوص اجرای معاهدات در کشورهایشان به رشته تحریر درآمده است. متأسفانه بنده موفق به دستیابی به همه مقالات نشدم و صرفا 3، 4 نویسنده مقاله خود را برای من ارسال کردند و مابقی عمدتاً نسخه الکترونیکی مقاله را نداشتند. اما دو مقاله اخیر اسلوس تا حدودی جمع بندی ایشان از مجموعه مقالات است. مقاله سال 2006 نیز به اجرای حقوق فردی در آمریکا اختصاص دارد.
 
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