Public Law Studies Quarterly

An Analysis of Provisional Application of Energy Charter Treaty in Light of “Yukos shareholders vs. Russia ˮ, and a Comparison with the Iranian legal system

Authors

Laya Joneidi 1
Ghazaal Keshavarzi 2

1 Associated Prof, Islamic and Private Law Department, Faculty of Law and Political Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

2 MA, Faculty of Law and Political Sciences, university of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

https://doi.org/10.22059/jplsq.2017.224350.1440
Abstract
Due to the necessity of a fast application and development of its rules and provisions regarding the role of energy in economic development, Energy Charter Treaty (ECT) has established the “provisional application” process. Article 45 of this treaty, while articulating the application of this principle, expresses some exceptions. Existing ambiguities as well as divergence in its interpretation, bring about some controversies on the aforementioned issue on an international level. One of the most important disputes in this regard is the case of “Yukos shareholders vs. Russia ˮ. In this award, the arbitral tribunal and judicial courts involved have raised various interpretations of article 45, relying on ECT and Russian law and have ultimately adopted different approaches. Examining all aspects of “provisional application” in the mentioned case, in addition to expressing the latest legal point of views on this subject may help legal authorities and legislators of countries, like Iran, who are willing to be members of ECT, in their future legal policies. This paper reviews the provisions of ECT regarding its provisional application and discusses different decisions of courts in Yukos shareholders vs. Russia to explain the contradictions and inconsistencies of the Iranian legal system with ECT, in case the Treaty is signed by Iran and provisional application commences.

Keywords

: Energy Charter Treaty“Yukos shareholders vs. Russia ˮ
Provisional Application
Permanent Court of Arbitration
Iranian legal system

  1. الف) فارسی

    1. تیلا، پروانه (1382). «جایگاه اجرای موقت پروتکل الحاقی معاهدۀ عدم گسترش سلاح‌های هسته‌ای در حقوق ایران»، مجلۀ پژوهش‌های حقوقی، شمارۀ 4، 243-265.
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    5. صادقی، محسن و غفاری‌فارسانی، بهنام (1388). «حل اختلافات سرمایه‌گذاری در معاهدۀ منشور انرژی و آثار الحاق ایران به آن»، مجلۀ پژوهش‌های حقوقی، شمارۀ 16، 379-401.
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    ب) انگلیسی

    10. Asada, Masahiko (2002). "CTBT: Legal Questions Arising from Its Non-entry-in to- force", Journal of Conflict and Security Law, vol. 7, No. 1, 85-122.

    11. Aust, Anthony (2000). Modern Treaty law And Practice, Cambridge University Press.

    12. Gazzini, Tarcisio (2010). "Provisional Application of the Energy Charter Treaty: A Short Analysis of Article 45", Transnational Dispute Management, Vol. 7, Issue 1, available at http://ssrn.com/abstract=1763336.

    13. Laidlaw, Peter C (2012). "Provisional Application of Energy Charter As Seen in the Yukos Dispute", Santa Clara law Review, Vol. 52, No 2, 655-684.

    14. Michie, Andrew (2005). "The provisional Application of Arms Control Treaties", Journal of Conflict and Security Law, Vol. 10, No. 3, 345-377.

    15. Niebruegge, Alex M (2007). "Provisional Application of the Energy Charter Treaty: The Yukos Arbitration and the future Place of Provisional Application In International Law", Chicago Journal of International Law, Vol. 8, No. 1, 354-376.

    16. Rogoff, Martin A (1980). "The International Legal Obligations of Signatories to an Unratified Treaty", Main Law Review, Vol. 32, 263-299.

    17. www.costomerservices@lexology.com, Visited at 4 April 2017.

     

    پ) پرونده‌ها

    18. The Russian Federation v. Hulley Enterprises Limited&  Vetran Petroleum Limited&  Yukos Universal Limited, The Hague District Court, 20 April 2016.

    19. Yukos Universal Limited v. The Russian Federation, PCA arbitration, Case No, AA 227, Interim Award, 30 November 2009.

    20. Yukos Universal Limited v. The Russian Federation, PCA Arbitration, Case No. AA 227, Final Award, Award 18 July 2014.

    21. Iiabbzs Kardassopoulos and Ron Fuchs v. Georgia, ICSID arbitration, Case No.ARB/05/18, Award 6 July 2007.

     

    ج) اسناد

    22. قانون اساسی ایران مصوب 1358.

    23. قانون تشویق و حمایت از سرمایه‌گذاری خارجی مصوب 1380 و اصلاحیۀ 1381.

    24. Agreed text for adoption in the Hague at the Ministerial Conference on the International Energy Charter, 20 May 2015.

    25. Arbitrazh Procedure Code of the Russian Federation of 14 November 2002.

    26. Civil Procedure Code of the Russian Federation of 14 November 2002.

    27. Federal Law on International Treaties of the Russian Federation 1995.

    28. Russian Federation Law on Foreign Investments 1991.

    29. Russian Federation Law on Foreign Investments 1999.

    30. Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties 1996 (VCLT).

Public Law Studies Quarterly
Volume 47, Issue 4
Winter 2018
Pages 841-871

  • Receive Date 05 January 2017
  • Revise Date 29 April 2017
  • Accept Date 30 April 2017

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