Document Type : Article

Authors

1 Ph.D. Student in International Law, Faculty of Law and Political Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

2 Assistant Prof, Faculty of Law and Political Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

Abstract

One of the main reasons for choosing the mechanism of arbitration by the parties to the international investment disputes is the "principle of finality" in the arbitration awards; that is, generally they can not be appealed in merits. But at the same time, the principle of finality has led to different arbitration investment tribunals issued contradictory and sometimes mistaken decisions (final and binding), which, of course, can not correct them in merits. Issuing of such decisions by the tribunals has caused a crisis of incoherence and inconsistence in the international arbitration awards. In order to resolve this crisis, commentators and scholars have proposed various reforms to the international arbitration system that one of the most prominent of which is the creation of a appeal mechanism. This research seeks to
analyse the basis of the call for, as well as the potential advantages and disadvantages of an appellate mechanism and its possible effects on the principle of "finality." Finally, it concludes that existing international or regional mechanisms could be used to resolve investment disputes in order to make future reforms to the international investment arbitration system.

Keywords

1. فارسی
الف) کتاب‌ها
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ب) قوانین
2. قانون آیین دادرسی مدنی (1379).
3. قانون داوری تجاری بین‌المللی (1376).
 
2. انگلیسی
A) Books
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B) Articles
8. Qureshi, Asif Hasan (2008). “An appellate system in international investment arbitration” in Peter Muchlinski et al (eds), The Oxford Handbook of International Investment Law, Oxford , OUP.
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13. Do-hyun, Kim (2011). “The annulment committee’s role in multiplying inconsistency in ICSID arbitration: the need to move away from an annulment based system”, NYU Law Review, Vol. 86.
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15. Clapham, John, (2009), “Finality of investor-state arbitral awards: has the tide turned and is there need for reform?”, Journal of International Arbitration, Vol. 26.
16. Gill, Judith, (2006). “Inconsistent decisions: an issue to be addressed or a fact of life?” in Federico Ortino et al (eds), Investment Treaty Law: Current Issues, Vol. 1, British Institute of International and Comparative Law.
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C) Cases
25. Amco Asia Corp v. Republic of Indonesia (Amco Asia) ICSID Case No. ARB/81/1 Decision on annulment (16 May 1986), 1 ICSID Rep 509 (1993).
26. CME Czech Republic B.V. v. Czech Republic, Ad hoc – UNCITRAL Arbitration Rules, Partial Award of 13 September 2001 and IIC 62 (2003), Final Award of 14 March 2003.
27. CMS v. Argentine Republic ICSID Case No. ARB/01/8, Decision on annulment (25 September 2007).
28. Emilio Augustín Maffezini v. Kingdom of Spain ICSID Case No. ARB/97/7 (2000).
29. Enron and Ponderosa v. Argentine Republic ICSID Case No. ARB01/3, Decision on annulment (30 July 2010).
30. Klöckner Industrie-Analagen v. Republic of Cameroon (Klöckner I) ICSID Case No. ARB/81/2, Decision on annulment (3 May 1985), 2 ICSID Rep 95 (1994).
31. Lauder v. Czech Republic, Final Award, 3 September 2001 (Ad hoc- UNCITRAL Arbitration Rules).
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33. MHS v. Malaysia ICSID Case No. ARB/05/10, Decision on annulment (16 April 2009).
34. Mitchell v. Democratic Republic of the Congo ICSID Case No. ARB/99/7, Decision on annulment (1 November 2006).
35. Pope & Talbot Inc. v. Government of Canada (2002) ILR 293.
36. S.D. Myers v. Canada (2000) ILM 1408 (NAFTA Arb)
37. Sempra Energy International v. Argentine Republic ICSID Case No. ARB02/16, Decision on annulment (29 June 2010).
38. SGS Société Générale de Surveillance S.A. v. Islamic Republic of Pakistan ICSID Case No. ARB/01/13 (2003) 42 ILM 1290.
39. SGS Société Générale de Surveillance S.A. v. Republic of the Philippines ICSID Case No. ARB/02/6 (2004).
 
D) Documents
40. "Possible improvements to the framework for ICSID arbitration", (22 October 2004) available at:
41. "Investment Arbitration Reporter: ICSID to prepare background paper on annulment process", following request by Philippines, available at:
42. "UNCTAD Series on International Investment Policies for Development", (2010) available at:
43. "Suggested changes to the ICSID rules and regulations" (12 May 2005), available at:
44. Convention on the Settlement of Investment Disputes Between States and Nationals of Other States (signed 18 March 1965)
45. Article 829 of the Italian Civil Code, 1942.
46. S.69 Arbitration Act 1996 available at:
47. UNCITRAL Model Law on International Commercial Arbitration (2006 amended version)
48. US Federal Arbitration Act 1925 available at:
49. US Model BIT 2012
50. "Suggested changes to the ICSID rules and regulations", available at:
51. Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards (New York Convention) 1958
52. US Model BIT 2004