Public Law Studies Quarterly

The Role of the Iran - United States Claims Tribunal (IUSCT) in the Development of Law of Treaties

Document Type : Article

Authors

Homayoun Mafi 1
Ali Ghahari 2

1 Prof., Department of Private Law, University of Judicial Sciences and Administrative Services, Tehran, Iran

2 Ph.D. Student in International law, Faculty of Humanities, Islamic Azad University, Sari branch, Sari, Iran

https://doi.org/10.22059/jplsq.2020.292922.2247
Abstract
Settling the disputes between Iran and the United States regarding the interpretation and enforcement, the Algiers declarations is within the competence of the Iran-United States Claims Tribunal (the Tribunal) as an international ad hoc arbitration institution. Interpretation is the intermediary between a legal rule and the event to which it is applied. As such, in order to correctly connect the rule to the event, the Tribunal is allowed to resort to general principles of law, custom and implied obligations. In this regard, the Tribunal has attempted to issue awards that establish a coherent case law within the framework of the international law of treaties. Such decisions motivate the governments of Iran and the United States to adhere to the principles and rules of the international law of treaties. This paper intends to study how the law of treaties has been develped by the awards of the Tribunal.

Keywords

treaty
case Law
interpretation
implied obligation
general principle of law
custom

  1. English

    1. A) Books
    2. Binder, Christina, Christoph Schreuer (2013), Unjust Enrichment, Max Planck Encyclopedia of Public International Law.
    3. Black’s Law Dictionary, 2004, 8th Edition.
    4. Boschiero, Nerina & Scovazzi, Tullio (2013), International Court and the Development of International Law, Asser Press.
    5. Caron, David D., Caplan (2013), Lee, The UNCITRAL Arbitration Rules- Commentary, Oxford University Press.
    6. International Institute for the Unification of Private Law (2016), UNIDROIT Principles of International Commercial Contracts, Published by the International Institute for the Unification of Private Law (UNIDROIT), Rome
    7. Kaczorowska, Alina, (2010), Public international law, Ireland Public International Law.
    8. Linderfalk, Ulf (2007), On the Interpretation Treaties, Published by Springer.
    9. Tams, Christian & Sloan, James (2013), The Development of International Law by the International Court of Justice, Oxford University Press.

     

    1. B) Articles
    2. Anderson, David (2013), “Some Aspects of the Use of Force in Maritime Law Enforcement”, in: International Court and the Development of International Law, Asser Press, Pp 233-244.
    3. Arechaga, Eduardo Jiménez (1979), “Custom as a Source of International Law”, The Collected Course of the Hague of International Law, Tome 159 de la collection, Vol.1, Pp. 30-43.
    4. Bentolila, Dolores (2010),"Towards a Doctrine of Jurisprudence in Treaty-Based Investment. Arbitration". Available at: https://edisciplinas.usp.br/pluginfile.php /301823/mod_resource/content/0/DOLORES%20BENTOLILA%20-%20Towards%20a%20Doctrine%20of%20Jurisprudence%20in%20Treaty-Based%20Investment%20Arbitration%20.pdf
    5. Dpuuy, Pierre-Marie (1999), “The Danger of Fragmentation or Unification of the International Legal
    6. Dumberry, Patrick (2009), “Are BITs Representing the “New” Customary International Law in International Investment Law?”, Kluwer Arbitration Blog. pp. 675-701
    7. Hirsch, Moshe (2011), “Sources of International Investment Law”, International Law Forum. available at: http://ssrn.com/abstract=1892564
    8. Kenton, Maurice (2018), “Precedents in arbitration – a practical position”. Available at: https://www.clydeco.com/insight/article/precedents-in-arbitration-a-practical-position-part-2
    9. Pellet, Alain (2013), “The Case Law of the ICJ in Investment Arbitration”, ICSID Review, Vol. 28, No.2. pp. 223-240
    10. Pellet, Alain (2018), “Canons of Interpretation under the Vienna Convention”, Wolters Kluwer. P.2
    11. Reinisch, August (2008), “The Role of Precedent in ICSID Arbitration”. Available at: https://deicl.univie.ac.at/fileadmin/user_upload/i_deicl/VR/ VR_Personal /Reinisch/Publikationen/role_precedents_icsid_arbitrationaayb _2008.pdf
    12. Schreuer, Christoph (2016), “The Development of International Law by ICSID Tribunals”, ICSID Review, Vol. 31, No. 3. pp. 728-739
    13. System and ICJ”, International Law and Politics, pp. 791-807
    14. Weidemaier, W. Mark (2010), “Toward a Theory of Precedent in Arbitration”, William & Mary Law. Review, Vol.51, Iss. 5. pp. 1894-1958.

     

    1. C) Doccuments
    2. Statute of the International Law Commission (ILC)

     

    1. D) Cases

    D-1: Cases of Iran - United States Claims Tribunal

    1. IUSCT, Award No. 1-64-180
    2. IUSCT, Award No. 2-157-31
    3. IUSCT, Award No. 2-298-544
    4. IUSCT, Award No. 2-39-11
    5. IUSCT, Award No. 2-55-12
    6. IUSCT, Award No. 3-56-310
    7. IUSCT, Award No. 529-A15 (II A and II B)-FT
    8. IUSCT, Award No. 597-A11-FT
    9. IUSCT, Award No. 601-A3/A8/A9/A14/B61-FT
    10. IUSCT, Award No. ITL 85-B1-FT
    11. IUSCT, Decision No. DEC 130-A28-FT
    12. IUSCT, Decision No. DEC 1-A2-FT
    13. IUSCT, Decision No. DEC 32-A18-FT
    14. IUSCT, Decision No. DEC 37-A17-FT
    15. IUSCT, Decision No. DEC 62-A21-FT
    16. IUSCT, Decision No. DEC 8-A1-FT

     

    D-2) Another Cases

    1. ICSID, Case No. ARB-03-20, 2006
    2. PCA, Ecuador v. USA, 2012
    3. PCA, Netherlands v. Russia, 2017
    4. PCA, Netherland v. France, 2004

     

    1. E) Sites
    2. http://www.cila.ir
    3. http://www.iusct.net
    4. http://www.pca-cpa.org
    5. http://www.uncitral.org
    6. https://www.icj-cij.org/en/pcij-series-b
    7. https://deicl.univie.ac.at
    8. https://icsid.worldbank.org
    9. https://www.un.org

     

    Refrences In Persian:

    1. A) Books
    2. Khalilian, Khalil (2003), A Jurisprudential Study on the Iran-United States Claims Tribunal, Published in Iran by Enteshar Co. Publication (In Persian).
    3. Mafi, Homayoun (2018), A Commentary on International Commerical Arbitration Act of Iran, Published by University of Judicial Sciences and Adminstrative Services (In Persian).
    4. Mohebi, Mohsen (2000), The International Law Character of the Iran-United States Claims Tribunal, Published in Iran by Fardafar Publication (In Persian).

     

    1. B) Article
    2. Alhooyee Nazari, Hamid (2010), “The Process of Humanization of International Law and Concensuality Principle of Jurisdiction of International Courts of Justice”, in the Congress Collected Essays: Role of International Court of Justice in Enforcement and Development of International Law (In Persian).
    3. Falsafi, Hedayatollah (1992), “Methods of logical understanding of international law- Interpretation and implementation of the provisions of international law”, Legal Research Quarterly, Vol. 116 (In Persian).
    4. Falsafi, Hedayatollah (2007), “The Event of Interpretation in the International Court of Justice”, in the Congress Collected Essays: Role of International Court of Justice in Enforcement and Development of International Law (In Persian).
    5. Ghasemi, Ali (2009), “Interpretation of Treaties in the Practice of Iran-United States Claims Tribunal”, International Law Review, Vol. 39 (In Persian).
    6. Oulomi Yazdi, Hamidreza, (2011), “Enter International Commitment Implicit in International Treaty: Rereading Two Awards of Iran - United States Claims Tribunal”, Law & Politics Research Journal, Vol. 33 (In Persian).

     

    1. D) Documents
    2. Declaration of Algeria: General Declaration, Declaration of The Settlement of Claims, Undertakings of Iran and USA, 1981 (In Persian).
    3. Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties (VCLT) 1969 (In Persian).
Public Law Studies Quarterly
Volume 52, Issue 3
Autumn 2022
Autumn 2022
Pages 1123-1146

  • Receive Date 25 November 2019
  • Revise Date 16 June 2020
  • Accept Date 12 July 2020

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