Document Type : Article
Authors
1 Associate Professor and Faculty Member of Faculty of Law, Mofid university, Qom, Iran
2 Ph.D. in International Law at Mofid University, Qom, Iran
Abstract
Since the introduction of cyberspace into human life, various ways have been suggested for regulating it. In this context, self-regulation, in the sense of private regulation and decentralized law-making, has come to fore as an efficient way for managing the online world. This approach, as a function of the libertarian discourse, views national legislation ineffective in regulating the cyberspace. But the theoretical framework of this kind of self-regulation and its strengths and weaknesses are open to debate. This study, using a descriptive-analytical approach, considers the architecture of cyberspace to be a systematic link between different layers, issues, and actors, and as such a new frontier. Given this feature, self-regulation can be an efficient way of regulating not just the various layers and issues of the cyberspace but also its physical and infrastructure issues.
Keywords
English
- A) Books
- Damian Tambini/Danilo Leonardi/Chris Marsden (2008), Codifying Cyberspace: Communications self-regulation in the age of Internet convergence, London, Routledge Publication.
- Gercke, Marco (2011), Understanding Cybercrime: A Guide for Developing Countries, Switzerland, ITU Development Sector’s ICT Applications and Cybersecurity Division.
- Koka, chedia (2010), models of internet regulation, Hungray, central europeann university.
- Lawrence, Lessig (2000), Code and Other Laws of Cyberspace, New York, Basic Books.
- Murray, Andrew (2007), The regulation of cyberspace: control in the online environment, Routledge.
- Ong, Rebecca (2010), Mobile communication and the protection of children, Leiden University Press.
- Rolf H, Weber (2002), Regulatory Models for the Online World, Zürich, BRILL.
- Rolf H, Weber (2015), Realizing a New Global Cyberspace Framework Normative Foundations and Guiding Principles, Swizerland, springer.
- Verhulst, stefaan G. (2005), self- regulation and the internet, Kluwer law international.
- B) Articles
- Andrew T. Guzman & Timothy L. Meyer (2010), “International Soft Law”, Journal of Legal Analysis 2, pp. 171-225.
- Antonio segura- serrano (2006), “internet regulation and the role of international law”, Max Planck yearbook of united nations law, Vol. 10, pp. 191-272.
- Bartle, I, Vass, P, (2005), “Self Regulation and The Regulatory State: A Survey of Policy and Practice”, Research Report 17, Centre for the Study of Regulated Industries, School of Management, University of Bath, England, pp. 1-76.
- chedia, koka (2010), “models of internet regulation”, central european university, pp. 1-47.
- douglas. Michael (1995), “federal agency use of audited self-regulation as a regulatory technique”, administrative law review, Vol. 47, pp. 171-253.
- Epstein, Keith (1997), “enforcement of use limitations by internet services providers: how to stop that hacker, cracker, spammer, spoofer, flamer, bomber”, 9 Hastings comm/Ent L.J. Vol. 19, pp. 661-693
- Goldsmith, Jack (1998), “Against Cyberanarchy”, University of Chicago Law Review, No. 40, pp. 1199-1250.
- Goldsmith, Jack (1998), the internet and the abiding significance of territorial sovereignty, Chicago-Kent Law Reciew, Vol 73, pp. 475-491.
- Gunningham, N. & Rees. J, (1997), “Industry Self Regulation, An Institutional Perspective”, Law and Policy, Vol. 19, pp. 363-414.
- Hardy, Trotter (1994), “the proper legal regime for cyberspace”, 55 U. Pittsburgh. Law. Review, pp. 994-1053.
- Hornle, Julia (2002), “online dispute resolution in business to consumer E-commerce transactions”, journal of information, law and technology, Vol. 2, pp. 45-70.
- Jason kay (1995), “sexuality, live without a Net: Regulating Obscenity and Indecency on The Global Network”, 4S, Cal. Interdisciplinary L.J, pp. 355-387.
- Johnson, David R. & post, David G (1996), “law and borders: the rise of law in cyberspace”, 48 Stan. L. Rev, pp. 1367-1402.
- Kleinsteuber, Hans J, “Self-regulation, Co-regulation, State Regulation”, pp. 61-121.
- Kurbalija, Jovan (2004), “the classification of internet governance”, diplo foundation, pp. 2-26.
- Llewellyn, Gibbons (1997), “No Regulation, Government Regulation, or Self-Regulation: Social Enforcement or Social Contracting for Governance in Cyberspace”, Cornell Journal of Law and Public Policy 6, Vol. 6, pp. 475- 551.
- Nahikian, James (1996), “learning to love the ultimate peripheral-virtual vices like cyber prostitution suggest a new paradigm to regulate online expression”, 14 J. Marshall J. computer & info. L, pp. 779- 815.
- Netanel, neil (2000), “cyberspace self governance: a skeptical view from liberal democratic theory”, public law and legal theory working paper, Vol. 88, pp. 398-497.
- Noel Cox (2002), “The Regulation of Cyberspace and the Loss of National Sovereignty”, Information and Communications Technology Law, Vol. 11, pp. 241-253.
- Ogus, Antony (1995), “refers to the Health and Safety at Work examples in Re-thinking Self-Regulation”, Oxford Journal of Legal Studies, Vol. 15, pp. 97-108.
- perrit, henry H (1998), “the internet as a threat to sovereignty? Thoughts on the internet role in strengthening national and global convergence”, Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies: Vol. 5, pp. 423-442.
- Rijgersberg, Rudolf (2010), “Internet Governance and Global Self- Regulation Building Blocks for a General Theory of Self Regulation”, International Journal for the Study of Legislation, Vol. 4, pp. 157-174.
- solum, lawrence B (2004), “the layers priciple: internet architecture and the law”, notredame law review, colume 79, Issue 3, pp. 3-114.
- solum, Lawrence B (2008), “Models of internet governance”, Illinois public law research paper, No. 07-25, pp. 48-91.
- triphati, suria mani (2009), “internet governance: a developing nations call for administrative legal reform”, international journal of legal information, Vol. 37, pp. 368-384.
- viktor mayer-schonberger (2003), “the shape of governance: analyzing the world of internet regulation”, Virginia Journal of International Law, Issue 605, pp. 610-668.
- Wells, Linton (2016), “cyberspace as the 5th domain of warfare”, centre of excellence foe national security, pp. 1-29.
- Yves Poullet, (2001), “How to Regulate Internet: New Paradigms for Internet Governance Self--Regulation: Value and Limit”, Universities of Torino (Italia), pp. 79-114.
- C) Internet References
- http://ec.europa.eu/information society/docs/factsheets/018-saferinternetplus.pdf.
- http://europa.eu.int/information society/industry/content.
- john Perry barlow, a declaration of the independence of cyberspace, https://www.eff.org/cyberspace-independence.
- Johnson, D, and Post, D, (1998), The New Civic Virtue of the Internet: A Complex Systems Model for the Governance of Cyberspace, in The Emerging Internet, Firestone, available at http://www.temple.edu/ lawqschool/dpost/Newcivicvirtue.htm.
References in Persian:
- A) Books
- Aqiqi, Negar (2016), jurisdiction in cuberspace from the perspective of international law, the shahre danesh institute of law research & study, tehran, first edition (In Persian).
- Kadkhodaei, Abbas-ali & vakil, amirsaed (2015), citizens rights on the internet, javdaneh-jungle publication, first edition (In Persian).
- Shams, irfan (2015). self-regulatory: the basis and models, khorsandi publications, tehran (In Persian).
- Zoe, baird & stefan, verhulst (2005), a new model for internet governance, internet governance: a grand collaboration, government information council secretariat (In Persian).
- B) Articles
- Edrisi, farhad & saffari dost, mojtaba (2015), “regulating the internet comparing with common law”, comparative law researches, winter, Vol. 18, No. 4, pp. 25-45 (In Persian).
- Khalafkhani, mahdi (2007), “digital oppourtunities in cyberspace and the issue of human rights”, the law and politics journal, Vol. 7, pp. 39-60 (In Persian).
- Zarei, mohammad hossein; Hassanvand, mohammad & soleimani, marzieh (2017), “regulatory governance as new governance”, the journal of public law research, Vol.1, issue: 1, pp. 124-147 (In Persian).
- Ziaeie, yaser & shakibnejad, ehsan (2017), “legislation in cyberspace from the prospect of international law and the iranian law”, international law review, Vol. 34, issue: 57, pp. 227-249 (In Persian).