Document Type : Article

Authors

1 Professor, Faculty of Law and Political Science, Allameh Tabataba’i University, Tehran, Iran

2 Ph.D. in International Law, Faculty of Law and Political Science, Allameh Tabataba’i University, Tehran, Iran

Abstract

International law is suffering from legitimacy crisis because of its legal basis, structure and law making institutions. This crisis has mainly happened because of global community problems and unique nature of international law. Evaluating legitimacy challenges of international law and its attempt for solving the problem and international issues is the main question of this study. Thus the main problem is about legitimacy and considering the legitimacy challenges by using analytical – descriptive method will indicate that legitimacy is completely related to its surrounding community. As the result, the best way for solving the legitimacy crisis of international law is getting back to the concepts like justice, peace and humanity which are chosen as values by the global community.

Keywords

  1. English

    1. A) Books
    2. Alvarez, José E. (2005), International Organizations as Law-makers, New York, Oxford University Press.
    3. Besson, Samantha and John Tasioulas (2010),The Philosophy of International Law, New York, Oxford University Press.
    4. Boyle, Alan & Chinkin, Christine (2007), The Making of International Law, New York, Oxford University Press.
    5. Franck, T. (1990). The Power of Legitimacy among Nations, New York, Oxford University Press.
    6. Hovden, Eivind & Keene, Edward (2002), The Globalization of Liberalism, Hampshire, Palgrave Macmillan.
    7. Krasner, Stephen D. (1999), Sovereignty: Organized Hypocrisy, Princeton (New Jersey), Princeton University Press.
    8. Simpson, G. (2004), Great Powers and Outlaw States: Unequal Sovereigns in the International Legal Order, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.

     

    1. B) Articles
    2. Anghie, Antony (2006), “The Evolution of International Law: colonial and postcolonial realities”, Third World Quarterly, Vol. 27, No. 5, pp. 739-753.
    3. Besson, Samantha (2011), “Sovereignty, International Law and Democracy”, European Journal of International Law, Vol. 22 No. 2, pp. 373–387
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    5. Brooks, Rosa Ehrenreich (2005), “Failed States, or the State as Failure?”, The University of Chicago Law Review, Vol. 72, No. 4, pp. 1159-1196.
    6. Buchanan, Allen & Keohane, Robert O. (2008). “The Legitimacy of Global Governance Institutions”, in: Legitimacy in International Law, Rüdiger Wolfrum and Volker Röben (eds.), Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, Springer, pp. 25-62.
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    9. Coicaud, Jean-Marc (2010), “Deconstructing International Legitimacy”, in: Charlesworth, Hilary and Jean-Marc Coicaud (eds), Fault Lines of International Legitimacy, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, pp. 29-86.
    10. Coicaud, Jean-Marc (2010), “Legitimacy, Across Borders and Over Time”, in: in: Charlesworth, Hilary and Jean-Marc Coicaud (eds), Fault Lines of International Legitimacy, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, pp. 17-28.
    11. Franchini, Daniel (17 November 2017). “Suing Foreign States Before U.S. Courts: Non-Recognition of State Immunity as a Response to Internationally Wrongful Acts”, Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3073429
    12. Kelman, Herbert C. (1970). “The Role of the Individual in International Relations: Some Conceptual and Methodological Considerations”, Journal of International Affairs, Vol. 24, No. 1, pp. 1-17.
    13. Kelsen, Hans (1994). “The Principle of Sovereign Equality of States as a Basis for International Organizations”, Yale Law Journal, Vol. 53, pp. 207-220.
    14. Llamzon, Aloysius, Julie Maupin and Saira Mohamed (2017). “An Introduction: What International Law Values”, American Society of International Law, Vol. 111, pp. 1-1.
    15. Martin, Christopher (2004), “The Fact/Value Distinction”, In: Human Values, David S. Oderberg and Timothy Chappell (eds.), Hampshire, Palgrave Macmillan, pp. 52-69.
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    18. Okafor, Obiora Chinedu (2008), “Critical Third World Approaches to International Law (TWAIL): Theory, Methodology, or Both?”, International Community Law Review, Vol. 10, pp. 371-378
    19. Roth, Brad R. (2004), “The enduring Significance of State Sovereignty”, Florida Law Review, Vol. 56, pp. 1017-1050.
    20. Sands, Philippe (2000), “Unilateralism, Values, and International Law”, European Journal of International Law, Vol. 11, No. 2, pp. 291-302.
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    1. C) International Documents
    2. International Arbitrary, Island of Palmas Case (Netherlands, USA), Report of International Arbitral Awards, Vol. 2, 4 April 1928
    3. International Court of Justice, Arrest Warrant of 11 April 2000 (Democratic Republic of the Congo v. Belgium), Judgment of 14 February 2002
    4. International Court of Justice, Jurisdictional Immunities of the State (Germany v. Italy: Greece intervening), Judgment of 3 February 2012
    5. International Court of Justice, Legal Consequences of the Construction of a Wall in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, Advisory Opinion, 2004
    6. International Court of Justice, Legality of the Threat or Use of Nuclear Weapons, Advisory Opinion, 8 July 1996
    7. International Court of Justice, Military and Paramilitary Activities in and against Nicaragua (Nicaragua v. United States of America), Judgment of 27 June 1986
    8. International Court of Justice, Obligations concerning Negotiations relating to Cessation of the Nuclear Arms Race and to Nuclear Disarmament (Marshall Islands V. United Kingdom), Judgment of 5 October 2016.
    9. International Court of Justice, Pulp Mills on the River Uruguay (Argentina v. Uruguay), Separate opinion of Judge Cançado Trindade, 20 April 2010
    10. United Nations General Assembly, Declaration on the Establishment of a New International Economic Order, A/RES/S-6/3201, 1 May 1974
    11. United Nations Security Council, Resolution 1368, 56th Sess., 4370th mtg., U.N. Doc. S/RES/ 1368, 2001
    12. United Nations Security Council, Resolution 1373, S/RES/1373, 28 September 2001

     

    References in Persian

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    1. B) Articles
    2. Beygzadeh, Ibrahim (2015), “An Introduction on the rights of the seas”, in: Developments in the International Law of the Sea, Ganj-e Danesh, pp. 36 – 39 (In Persian).
    3. Buchanan, Allen (2014), “The Legitimacy of International Law”, Translated by Maryam Hajiarab, in: International Community & International Law in 21st Century, Seyed Ghasem Zamani (ed.), Tehran: Shahr-e Danesh, pp. 385 – 406 (In Persian).
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