Public Law Studies Quarterly

Principles Governing the Establishment of A National Anti-Corruption Agency in the Islamic Republic of Iran Using Transnational Experiences

Document Type : Article

Authors

Mahmoud Hekmatnyia 1
Saleh Amiri 2

1 Prof Law Department of the Institute of Islamic Culture and Thought, Tehran, Iran

2 PhD Candidate of Public International law, Faculty of Law and Political Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

https://doi.org/10.22059/jplsq.2022.342963.3085
Abstract
Due to the complexity of the nature and manner of committing corruption-related crimes, mechanisms to combat these crimes also require special requirements. One of the most important of these mechanisms is the establishment of national anti-corruption institutions, which specialize in combating corruption and have been expanding in recent years. This paper’s findings, using a descriptive-analytical method and a comparative advantage measurement, indicate that the model of institutional unity is more compatible with the legal order of the Islamic Republic of Iran in contrast to institutional pluralism. Also, in designing the proposed single institution, the principles that have been ignored in the current anti-corruption institutions should be considered. Among the most important of these principles is the immunity of the  anti-corruption institution’s officials, the independence of the institution in providing financial credits and its internal and external accountability.

Keywords

permanence principle
principle of mission
accountability
United Nations Convention Against Corruption
national anti-corruption agency

  1. English

    1. A) Books
    2. UNODC, (2020), Colombo Commentary On The Jakarta Statement OnPrinciples For Anti-Corruption Agencies, UNODC, Vienna.
    3. OECD (2013), Specialized Anti-Corruption Institutions: Review of Models, 2nd ed, Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, Paris.
    4. UNODC (2006), Legislative guide for the implementation of the United Nations Convention against Corruption, UNODC, Vienna.

     

    1. B) Articles
    2. Jon S. T. Quah (2009), “Combating corruption in the Asia-Pacific countries: what do we know and what needs to be done?”, International Public Management Review, Vol. 10, No. 1.
    3. De Jaegere (2012), “Principles for anti-corruption agencies, A game Changer”, Jindal Journal of Public Policy,, Vol. 1, Issue 1, India.
    4. Patrick, Meagher (2014), “Anti-corruption agencies, Rhetoric Versus Reality”, The Journal of Policy Reform, Trustees of Princeton University, United State.

     

    1. C) Document
    2. Criminal law Convention on Corruption of the Council of Europe, 1999
    3. African Union Convention on Preventing and Combating Corruption (AUCPCC) (2003).
    4. United Nation Convention Against Corruption, (2003).
    5. Constitution of the Federative Republic of Brazil, 1988.
    6. Jordan, Integrity and Anti-Corruption Law, No. 13 of 2016.
    7. Jakarta Statement on Principles for Anti-Corruption Agencies, Jakarta, 26-27 November 2012, Available at: https://www.unodc.org/documents/ corruption/WG-Prevention/Art_6_Preventive _anti-corruption_bodies/ JAKARTA_STATEMENT_en.pdf
    8. Italy, Penal Code, Law No. 69 on Provisions on Crimes against the Public Administration, Mafia-type Associations and False Accounting of 27 May 2015
    9. Marie Chêne, “Anti-corruption clauses in constitutions”, Transparency International, Anti-Corruption Help Desk, 30 September 2013
    10. Constitution of Nepal of 2015, Available at: https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Nepal_2015.pdf
    11. Constitution of Bhutan of 2008, Available at: https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Bhutan_2008.pdf?lang=en
    12. Jordan, Integrity and Anti-Corruption Law, No. 13 of 2016
    13. Law on the National Anti-Corruption Bureau of Ukraine, Ukraine,25 February 2015
    14. Integrity and Prevention of Corruption, Slovenia, 2020
    15. Latvia, Law on the Corruption Prevention and Combating Bureau (2012)
    16. Burkina Faso, Organic Law No. 082-2015/CNT
    17. Australia, New South Wales, Independent Commission against Corruption Act 1988
    18. Sri Lanka, Commission to Investigate Allegations of Bribery or Corruption Act, No. 19 (1994)
    19. Report on the meeting of the Open-ended Intergovernmental Working Group on the Prevention of Corruption, CAC/COSP/WG.4/2014/2, para. 63
    20. Mauritius, Prevention of Corruption Act, 2002
    21. Constitution of Fiji, 2013, Available at: https://www.constituteproject.org/ constitution/Fiji_2013.pdf?lang=en
    22. Kuwait, Law No . 2 of 2016 on Establishing the Kuwait Anti-Corruption Authority and the Provisions on Disclosure of Assets and Liabilities, 2016
    23. Center for the Advancement of Public Integrity, “Funding integrity: comparing Inspector General funding approaches” (March 2018)

     

    1. D) Websites
    2. Hong Kong Independent Commission against Corruption, “Checks and Balances, InternalMonitoring”. Available at:www.icac.org/hk.
    3. https://www.transparency.org/en/cpi/2021
    4. Resolution 51/59, 1997, General Assembly, Available at: https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/231078?ln=en
    5. United Kingdom National Crime Agency, “Audit and risk assurance committee: terms of reference”, available at:
    6. www.national crime agency .gov.uk/; and HM Treasury, “Audit and risk assurance committee handbook” (March 2016).

     

    References in Persian:

    1. A) Articles
    2. Amiri, Saleh & Mollakarimi, Omid (1400) ,"Challenges of the Islamic Republic of Iran in the criminalization of the title of Illicit Enrichment in the United Nations Anti-Corruption Convention", Tehran University Public Law Studies Quarterly, Vol.51, Winter (In Persian).

     

    1. B) Documents
    2. Regulations of the National Authority and Coordination Body of the United Nations Convention to Fight Corruption, 2013 (In Persian).
    3. The Law on the establishment of the General Inspection Organization of the country, 1360, Islamic Council (In Persian).
    4. Law of the Court of Audit, 1361, Islamic Council (In Persian).
Public Law Studies Quarterly
Volume 54, Issue 3
Autumn 2024
Autumn 2024
Pages 1931-1958

  • Receive Date 14 May 2022
  • Revise Date 11 July 2022
  • Accept Date 11 September 2022

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