Authors
1 Assistant Professor, Department of Law, Faculty of Administrative Science and Economics, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
2 Instructor, Faculty of Law, Islamic Azad University, Khorasgan Branch, Isfahan, Iran
Abstract
Necessity for peaceful uses of outer space is repeated in almost every document and convention on activities of states in outer space. The reason for such emphasizes was human struggling to prevent war and arm race on outer space and on the other hand, main powers had fear that their rivals overtake. These led to changing the necessity to a rule, which is in accord with other international documents. States should in every activity on outer space, joint with others or separately, consider this rule. Requirement to comply with this rule is even more important in the field of media communications, since these group of activities have a deep bond with human rights and states sovereignty. The rule of necessity of peaceful uses of outer space is like a strainer which won't let mass communication turn into an instrument to violate recognized human rights or independence of countries.
Keywords
English
- A) Books
- D’Alema, M. (2016). Daesh and the Terrorist Threat: From Middle East to Europe. Brussels, FEPS-foundation for European progressive studies.
- Hobe, S. (2004). Current and Future Development of International Space Law. United Nations/Brasil Workshop on Space Law, Vienna, United Nations Publications.
- Roscini, M. (2014). Cyber Operations and the Use of Force in International Law. Oxford, Oxford University Press.
- Schechter, Oscar and Christopher Joyner (1988). United Nations Legal Order. New York, United Nations Publications.
- Tyson, R. (2007). Advancing a Cooperative Security Regime in Outer Space. New York, Global Security Institute.
- B) Articles
- Dembling, P. (1970). A Liability Treaty for Outer Space Activities. The American University Law Review, 19.
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- Gorove, S. (1973). Earth Resources Survey Satellites and the Outer Space Treaty. Journal of Space Law, 1:1.
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- C) Documents
- Conference on disarmament, report of the ad hoc committee on the prevention of an arms race in outer space, 1992, un doc.
- Declaration of principles of international law concerning friendly relations and co-operation among states in accordance with the charter of United Nations. Res. 2625(33/73)
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- General comment No. 34: freedoms of opinion and expression, 29 July 2011, UN doc.
- Resolution 12 (WRC-12), assistance and support to Palestine, 2012, the world radiocommunication conference, Geneva, the international telecommunication union library and archive.
- The use of satellite communication for education and economic development: report of the director-general on the feasibility of the pilot project and on possible international arrangements, 20 November 1968.
- D) Websites
- http://azari-gh.blogfa.com/post-64.aspx
- http://hamshahritraining.ir/news-3248.aspx
- http://www.mohsenesmaeili.com/NSite/FullStory/News/?Id=166
- http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/msl/index.html
- http://www.oosa.unvienna.org/oosa/en/Reports/gadocs/coprepidx.html
References In Persian:
- A) Books
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- Maghami, A. (2013). A Lecture on International Law of Communications. Shahid Ashrafi Esfahani University, Available at: www.maqami.blog.ir (In Persian).
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- Purnouri, M., & Habibi, M. (2007). International Law of the Sea. Theran: Mahde Hoghoogh (In Persian).
- Ray, P., & Sanders, J. (2007). Media Law. Translated by Hamidreza Malek Mohammadi, Tehran: Mizan (In Persian).
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- B) Articles
- Aminzade, E., & Alagheband, Y. (2016). Norm-making evolution in the international law of space: The 1992 principles relevant to the use of nuclear power sources in outer space. Public Law Studies, 46(1), 161-177 (In Persian).
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