Document Type : Article
Authors
1 PhD Student in Public Law at Shahid Beheshti University (SBU), Tehran, Iran
2 Assistant Professor in Public Law at Shahid Beheshti University (SBU), Tehran, Iran
Abstract
Good faith has five functions in in public law: obligatory, justificatory, interpretative, restrictive, and supportive. Examples of the application of good faith can be traced in the actions of the government or citizens, as well as in the areas of constitutional law, administrative law, and human rights. Good faith in governmental actions has three functions: obligatory, justificatory, and interpretative; however, in the actions of citizens, it has two functions: restrictive and supportive, each of which can be exemplified by laws and judicial practices in various legal systems. The findings mentioned are evaluable in relation to the main issue of this research, which seeks to differentiate between the various functions of good faith in the field of public law and to answer the question: what functions and applications can be identified for the concept of good faith in public law? Although some existing laws and judicial practices can be referenced to derive the aforementioned functions in public law, there is potential for further emphasis on the concept of good faith as a general legal principle, allowing for its citation in judicial decisions and legal doctrine. This could thereby help establish a democratic society based on trust and honesty, considering it a right for citizens.
Keywords
Main Subjects
English
- A) Books
- Alder, J. (2002). General Principles of Constitutional and Administrative Law. U.K.: Palgrave Macmillan.
- Bingham, Tom (2011). The Rule of Law. London: Penguin Books.
- Davidov, Guy (2011). A Purposive Approach to Labour Law. U.K.: Oxford University Press.
- Endicott, T. (2011). Administrative Law. U.K.: Oxford University Press.
- Freedland, M. (2016). The Contract of Employment. U.K.: Oxford University Press.
- Grace, Jamie (2016). Constitutional and Administrative Law (Key Facts Key Cases). U.K.: Routledge.
- Herdegen, M. (2013). Principles of International Economic Law. U.K.: Oxford University Press.
- Ian, E.J. (2013). Essential Administrative Law. Tehran: Khorsandi.
- Molan, M.T (1994). Constitutional and Administrative Law Textbook. HLT Publications.
- Panizzon, M.(2006). Good Faith in the Jurisprudence of the WTO. Hart Publishing.
- Simonek, M., & Becker, M. (2018). Tax Law. in Thommen Marc, Introduction to Swiss Law, Berlin, p. 245-269.
- Singh, Mahandra P. (2001). German Administrative Law in Common Law Perspective. USA: Springer.
- Thanasegaran, H. (2016). Good Faith in Insurance and Takaful Contracts in Malaysia. USA: Springer.
- Uhlmann, F. (2018). Administrative Law. in Thommen Marc, Introduction to Swiss Law, Berlin, 187-217.
- Wade, H. W. R., Forsyth, C. F. (2004). Administrative Law. U.K.: Oxford University Press.
- Zarra, G. (2017). Parallel Proceedings in Investment Arbitration. The Netherlands: The Hague.
- B) Articles
- Apaydın, E. (2019). The Application of the Principle of Good Faith on Administrative Contracts from the Turkish Law Perspective. in Recent Challenges of Public Administration (3), Papers Presented at the Conference of ‘3rd Contemporary Issues of Public Administration’, 53-74.
- Chiarella, M. L. (2017). Legitimate Expectation and Good Faith in Public Contracts. Athens Journal of Law, 3(4), 307-320.
- Friedman, L. (1977). The Good Faith Defense in Constitutional Litigation. Hofstra Law Review, 5(3), Art. 2, 501-544.
- Goldman, M. (2016). Putting Your Faith in Good Faith: A Principled Strategy for Smoother Sovereign Debt Workouts. The Yale Journal of International Law Online, 41(2), 117-140.
- Hesselink, M. W. (2011). The Concept of Good Faith. Towards a European civil code, University of Amsterdam, 619-649.
- Inglis, C. (2019). Defining good faith (and Mona Lisa’s smile), A paper presented to Law @ Work Conference: Auckland, Wellington, Christchurch, (https://www.employmentcourt.govt.nz)
- Mackaay, E. (2012). Good Faith in Civil Law Systems; A Legal-Economic Analysis. Revista Chilena de Derecho Privado, 18, 149-177.
- McCanse Wright, A. (2018). “Constitutional Good Faith. New York University Law Review, 93, 101-109.
- McClellan, P. (2006). Australian Administrative Law. International Symposium Hangzhou, China, 1-18.
- Nasrawin, L. K. (2016). The Fiduciary Role of Members of Parliament and Ministers. ICL Journal, 10, 99-107.
- Parchomiuk, J. (2017). The Protection of Legitimate Expectation in Administrative Law: A Horizontal Perspective. Baltic Journal of Law and Politics, 10(2), 1-25.
- Pozen, D. (2016). Constitutional Bad Faith. Harvard Law Review, 129(4), 885-955.
- Rabin, Robert L. (1976). Job Security and Due Process: Monitoring Administrative Discretion Through a Reason Requirement. University of Chicago Law Review, 44, (1), Article 30, 60-93.
- Shalev, G. (1983). Good Faith in Public Law. Israel Law Review, 18(1), 127-134.
- Tassone, B. (2014). Good Faith and the Abuse of Right in the Context of the Autonomy of Negotiating Contract, LUISS Guido Carli, 1-42.
- The Protection of Legitimate Expectations in Administrative Law and EU Law (General Report) (2016). Seminar organized by the Supreme Administrative Court of Lithuania and ACA-Europe, Vilnius.
- C) Websites
- Neeley, Steven A. (2018). “Can The Government Contract around the Duty of Good Faith and Fair Dealing?” at: contractorsperspective.com/contract-administration/contracting-around-good-faith-and-fair-dealing/
- Barnett, Randy E. (2016). “The President’s Duty of Good Faith Performance”, at: https://www.washingtonpost.com
- aeaj.org/page/Principle-of-Good-Faith-and-Fair-Dealing-and-Legitimate-Expectations-in-tax-proceedings (The Association of European Administrative Judges, WG Taxation, Ljubljana meeting 2011)
- https://www.legiscompare.fr/web/IMG/pdf/13._CH_5_Good_faith.pdf
References in Persian:
- A) Books
- Behnia, M. (2014). Legitimate Expectation Principle. Tehran: Khorsandi (In Persian).
- Ghamami, M. (1997). Governmental Tort Liability, Tehran: Dadgostar (In Persian).
- Ghamami, M., & Mohseni, H. (2011). Transnational Civil Proceduree. Tehran: Entesharco (In Persian).
- Mashhadi, A. (2012). Discretionary Power. Tehran: Vice Presidency for Legal Affairs (In Persian).
- Mohseni, H. (2010). Organizing Civil Litigation (Based on Cooperation and in the Framework of Procedural Principles). Tehran: Entesharco (In Persian).
- Motameni Tabatabaei, M. (1999). Administrative Law. Tehran: Samt (In Persian).
- Motameni Tabatabaei, M. (2016). Comparative Administrative Law. Tehran: Samt (In Persian).
- B) Articles
- Afshari, F. (2021). Administrative Official’s Error and Abuses of Power in the Judicial Review of the Legal Systems of England, France and Iran”, Quarterly Journal of Administrative Law, 8(25), 49-71 (In Persian).
- Ahmadinejad, M., & Aminoroaya, Y. (2019). Limiting Clauses and their Role in International Treaties. Public Law Studies Quarterly, 48(4), 787-808 (In Persian).
- Amir Arjomand, A., & Zargoush, M. (2009). Fault in the Civil Liability of the State; Analytic and Comparative Study. Legal Research Quarterly, 12(49), 85-143 (In Persian).
- Behnia, M., & Zarei, M. (2012). Reflections on Possibility of Principle of Legitimate Expectation in Administrative Court of Justice. Rahbord Journal, No. 61, 153-189 (In Persian).
- Eskini, R., & Niazi Shahraki, R. (2016). The Necessity of the Rational, Fair with Good Faith Governance in Limiting Freedom of Contracts in International Commercial Contracts. The Quarterly Journal Islamic Law Research, 17(2), 44, 5-26 (In Persian).
- Ghasemi Hamed, A. (2007). Good Faith in the Contract: The Basis of the Commitment to Integrity and the Commitment to Cooperation in French Law. Legal Research Quarterly, 10(46), in Economic Law (2016), Tehran: Derak, 141-183 (In Persian).
- Jalali, Mohammad (2015). Freedom of Speech of Attorneys in the European Court of Human Rights. Ray Journal (Judicial Case Review), 3(9), 111-127 (In Persian).
- Mashhadi, A. (2012). Principles and Criteria of Administrative Judicial Review in Swiss Law. Faculty of Law and Political Science Journal, 3, 291-303 (In Persian).
- Razavi Tousi, L., Seyfi, S. J., & Mohebi, M. (2023). Abuse of Process in Investment Arbitrations. Public Law Studies Quarterly, 53(1), 267-286 (In Persian).
)