Document Type : Article

Authors

1 Ph.D. Student in International Law, Faculty of Law and Political Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

2 Professor, Public and International Law Department, Faculty of Law and Political Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

Abstract

The European Union is the only international organization that has placed the international responsibility of its member states and institutions under special rules and regulations for failure to act. In this regard, two categories of claims for failure to act may be submitted to the EU judicial organs. First, claims for failure to act against member states: these claims consist of two types. claims that brought directly by the European Commission against member states and the claims that member states bring about before the EU courts against each other. Second, are claims for failure to act that raises against EU institutions. In both categories of litigation, the plaintiff must give member states or the EU institutions an opportunity to fulfill their obligation or respond, and if they do not respond, then the plaintiff can bring its claim before ECJ. In claims against EU institutions, unlike claims against member states, natural and legal persons also have the right to bring claims against EU institutions. Then the ECJ engages and enforce member states or institution to comply with their obligations.

Keywords

Main Subjects

  1. English

    1. A) Books
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    1. B) Articles
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    1. C) Documents
    2. Treaty of European Union, 2009.
    3. Treaty of Functioning of European Union, 1958.
    4. Charter of fundamental rights of the European Union, 2012.

     

    1. D) Judgements of the ECJ
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    3. Judgment of the Court of First Instance (Second Chamber, extended composition) (22 May 1996). Associazione Italiana Tecnico Economica del Cemento (AITEC) v Commission of the European Communities, Case T-277/94.
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    9. Judgment of the ECJ) 10 July 1990) .Commission Germany, Case 217/88.
    10. judgment of the ECJ (14 April 2011). Commission v Romania, Case 522/09.
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    13. Judgment of the ECJ (16 September 2015).Commission Slovak Republic, C-433/13.
    14. Judgment of the ECJ (18 June 1991), ERTAE, on the interpretation of the EEC Treaty, in particular Articles 2, 3(f), 9, 30, 36, 85 and 86, C-260/89.
    15. judgment of the ECJ (18 October 2018). Commission v Romania, C‑301/17, not published, EU:C:2018:846.
    16. Judgment of the ECJ (21 January 2010). European Commission v Federal Republic of Germany, C-546/07.
    17. Judgment of the ECJ (21 March 2019). European Commission v Italian Republic, C-498/17.
    18. Judgment of the ECJ (22 February 2018). European Commission v Hellenic Republic, C-328/16.
    19. Judgment of the ECJ (22 March 1994). Commission v Spain, C-375/92.
    20. Judgment of the ECJ (28 March 2019), Commission Ireland, ECLI:EU:C:2019:269.
    21. Judgment of the ECJ (29 September 1998). Commission Germany, C-191/95 .
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    23. Judgment of the ECJ (7 September 2016). Commission v Greece, C-584/14.
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    27. Judgment of the General Court (11 December 2014). Heli-Flight GmbH & Co. KG v European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA). T‑102/13.
    28. Judgments of the ECJ (28 March 1985). Commission v Italy, 274/83.
    29. Order of the General Court (24 June 2016). Onix Asigurări SA v European Insurance and Occupational Pensions Authority (EIOPA). Case T-590/15.

     

    References In Persian:

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