Document Type : Article

Author

Faculty Member of the Institution for Research and Development in the Humanities (SAMT), ‎Tehran, Iran.‎

Abstract

When studying the texts of international law, we always come across terms such as the teachings of the most highly publicist of international law and doctrine; the terms that are mentioned especially in the international law resources section, looking at Article 38 of the Statute of the International Court of Justice, as the subsidiary means of determining the rules of international law. However, when we go through the authoritative textbooks, in the section of teachings and doctrines of international law, not much detail is seen by the most prominent writers of international law. In recent years, the International Law Commission has tried to focus on the issue of sources of international law, to deal in detail with the sources listed in Article 38 of the Statute of the Court, and the issue of doctrine under the title " subsidiary means of determining the rules of international law" is currently being studied by the Commission. The question addressed in this article is whether there is a difference between the doctrine and the teachings of the most highly publicist of international law? What are the criteria for determining the teachings of the most highly publicist of international law and doctrine in international law? It is assumed that there is a difference between these two terms in international law, and it seems that there are criteria to distinguish between these two concepts.

Keywords

Main Subjects

  1. English

    1. Books
    2. Crawford, J. (2012). Brownlie's Principles of Public International Law. 8th, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
    3. Helmersen, S. T. (2021). The Application of Teachings by the International Court of Justice. Cambridge University Press.
    4. Melzer, N. (2009). Targeted Killing in International Law. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
    5. Salmon, J. (2001). Dictionnaire de Droit International Public.Brussels: Bruylant.
    6. Shaw, M. (2017). International Law. 8th, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
    7. Rosenne, S. (1998). Making International Law Better: The International Law Commission at 50. United Nations Publication.
    8. Thirlway, H. (2019). The Sources of International Law. 2th ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press.

     

    1. Articles
    2. M. (2011). The Act of State Doctrine: From Underhill to Habib. Melbourne Journal of International Law, 12, 1-26.
    3. Damrosch, L. (2000). Scholars in the Construction and Critique of International Law. Proceedings of the Annual Meeting (American Society of International Law), 94, 317-320.
    4. Fitzmaurice, G. (1973). The Contribution of the Institute of International Law to the Development of International Law. Collected Courses of the Hague Academy of International Law, 138, 203-260.
    5. Helmersen, S. T. (2019). Finding ‘the Most Highly Qualified Publicists’- Lessons from the International Court of Justice. European Journal of International Law, 30, 509-535.
    6. Helmersen, S. T. (2020). The Application of Teachings by the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea. Journal of International Dispute Settlement, 11, 20-46.
    7. Jain, N. (2020). Teachings of Publicists and the Reinvention of the Sources Doctrine in International Criminal Law. in, Kevin Heller et la (eds.), The Oxford Handbook of International Criminal Law, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 107-126.
    8. Juillard, P. (2007). Calvo Doctrine. Max Planck Encyclopedias of International Law, Online Version, 1-30.
    9. Koskenniemi, M. (2007). International Legal Theory and Doctrine. Max Planck Encyclopedia of Public International Law, Online Version, 1-33.
    10. Macalister-Smith P. (2011). Institut de droit international. Max Planck Encyclopedia of Public International Law, Online Version, 1-29.
    11. Maier, H. (2000). Scholars in the Construction and Critique of International Law. Proceedings of the Annual Meeting (American Society of International Law), 94, 317-320.
    12. Nesi, G. (2018). Uti Possidetis Doctrine. Max Planck Encyclopedias of International Law, Online Version, 1-23.
    13. Papaux, A., & Wyler, E. (2017). Legal Theory as a Source of International Law: Doctrine as Constitutive of International Law, in, Jean d’Aspermont and Samantha Besson (eds.). The Oxford Handbook of Sources of International Law, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
    14. Pellet, A. and Daniel Müller (2019). Article 38, in, Andreas Zimmerman et la, (eds.). The Statute of the International Court of Justice: A Commentary, 2th ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press, 820-962.
    15. Quadros, F., & Dingfelder Stone, J. H. (2021). Act of State Doctrine. Max Planck Encyclopedias of International Law, Online Version, 1-17.
    16. Simma, B. (2000). Scholars in the Construction and Critique of International Law. Proceedings of the Annual Meeting (American Society of International Law), 94, 317-320.
    17. Sivakumaran, S. (2017). The Influence of Teachings of Publicists on the Development of International Law. International and Comparative Law Quarterly, 66, 1-37.
    18. Stephens, B. (2000). Scholars in the Construction and Critique of International Law. Proceedings of the Annual Meeting (American Society of International Law), 94, 317-320.
    19. van Roijen, J. H (1973). Holland and the Hague Academy of International Law. Collected Courses of the Hague Academy of International Law, 138, 27-43.
    20. Wheatley, S. (2021). Revisiting the Doctrine of Intertemporal Law. Oxford Journal of Legal Studies, 41, 484-509.
    21. Wood, M. (2017). Teachings of the Most Highly Qualified Publicists. Max Planck Encyclopedia of Public International Law, Online Version, 1-19.

     

    1. C) Cases
    2. Certain Iranian Assets (Islamic Republic of Iran v. United States of America), ICJ Reports 2023.
    3. Frontier Dispute (Burkina Faso/ Republic of Mali), ICJ Reports 1986.
    4. The Prosecutor v. Kaing Guek Eav alias Duch, 001/18-07-2007/ECCC/TC, Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia, 2010.
    5. The Prosecutor v. Thomas Lubanga Dyilo, ICC-01//04/-01/06, Trial Chamber I, 2012.

     

    1. Documents and Reports:
    2. Draft Conclusions on Identification of Customary International Law with Commentaries, 2018, at: https://legal.un.org/ilc/texts/1_13.shtml
    3. First report on subsidiary means for the determination of rules of international law, Charles Chernor Jalloh, Special Rapporteur, 2023.
    4. https://www.hagueacademy.nl/publications/?term=&author=&cat=collected-courses
    5. https://www.idi-iil.org/app/uploads/2017/06/Statutes-of-the-Institute-of-International-Law.pdf
    6. https://www.idi-iil.org/en/publications-par-categorie/resolutions/
    7. https://www.law.cornell.edu/wex/clean_hands_doctrine
    8. Sixth Committee, Summary record of the 16th meeting, A/C.6/76/SR.16, 2021.
    9. Statute of the Hague Academy of International Law, at: https://www.hagueacademy.nl/statutes/
    10. Subsidiary means for the determination of rules of international law, Titles and texts of draft conclusions 1 to 3 provisionally adopted by the Drafting Committee, 2023, at: https://legal.un.org/docs/?path=../ilc/documentation/english/statements/2023_dc_chair_statement_sm.pdf&lang=E
    11. The Hague Academy of International Law, 2020 Annual Report, at: https://www.hagueacademy.nl/wp-content/uploads/THA-annual-report2020_EN-1.pdf

     

    References In Persian:

    1. A) Books
    2. Ziai Bigdeli. M.R. (2019). Public International Law. 65th ed., Tehran: Ganje Danesh Publication (In Persian).

     

    1. B) Articles
    2. Mokarrami Ghartavol, Y., & Ranjbarian, A.H. (2017). Violation of States' Airspace by U.S Drones (Case Study: Pakistan). Public Law Studies Quarterly, 47, 303-328. doi: 10.22059/jplsq.2017.63100 (In Persian).
    3. Ranjbarian, A.H., & Kamalinejad, H. (2014). Teachings of the Prominent International Lawyers. Comparative Law Quarterly, 4, 37-56. doi: 10.22059/jcl.2014.36312 (In Persian).