Document Type : Article

Authors

1 Assistant Prof., Department of Public Law, Faculty of Law and Political Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

2 Assistant Prof. Department of Law, Faculty of Law, Political Sciences and History, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran

Abstract

Custom, along with treaties and general legal principles, is an important source of international law and regulations. One of the reasons for the importance of custom is that it is unwritten and always dynamic. This advantage has increased the reference to custom. International law requires governments to recognize and implement customary law in their legal system. In order for a national judge to be able to invoke custom, it is necessary to clarify the place of this source in the domestic legislative structure. Due to the fact that custom cannot be drafted and approved in the legislature, the role of the courts is doubled. In the meantime, researching the performance of countries with a common law system will yield useful results. The main question of this article is what place judges consider for custom and in which situations it is applied. This research shows that international custom has vast opportunities to be present and play a role in this country’s judicial system.

Keywords

Main Subjects

  1. انگلیسی
  2. A) Book
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  1. B) Article
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  1. C) Dissertation
  2. Amit, Roni (2004). Judges without Border: International Human Rights in Domestic Courts. Washington: University of Washington.

 

  1. D) Cases
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  3. Al-Juffali v Estrada [2016] EWCA Civ 176. (United Kingdom)
  4. Benkharbouche v Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs [2017] UKSC 62. (United Kingdom)
  5. Jones v Saudi Arabia [2006] UKHL 26. (United Kingdom)
  6. HRH Prince Abdul Aziz Bin Fahd Bin Abdul Aziz v Harb [2015] EWCA Civ 481. (United Kingdom)
  7. Keyu & Ors v Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs & Anor [2015] UKSC 69. (United Kingdom)
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  9. Jurisdictional Immunities of the State (Germany v. Italy: Greece intervening), Judgment, I.C.J. Reports 2012. (International Court of Justice)
  10. R (Abbasi) v Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs [2003] UKHRR 76. (United Kingdom)
  11. R (Faisal Attiyah Nassar Al-Saadoon, Khalaf Hussain Mufdhi) v The Secretary of State for Defence [2009] EWCA Civ 7. (United Kingdom)
  12. R v. Mohammed Gul [2012] EWCA Crim 280. (United Kingdom)
  13. R (European Roma Rights Centre) v Immigration Officer at Prague Airport [2004] UKHL 55 [2005] 2 WLR 1. (United Kingdom)
  14. (on the application of the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament) v. Prime Minister and others [2002] EWHC 2777 (Admin., [2002] All ER (D) 245. (United Kingdom)
  15. Reyes v Al-Malki & Anor [2017] UKSC 61. (United Kingdom)
  16. Sultan of Pahang, R (on the application of) v Secretary of State for the Home Department [2011] EWCA Civ 616. (United Kingdom)
  17. The Freedom and Justice Party & Ors, R (On the Application Of) v Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs & Anor [2016] EWHC 2010 (Admin). (United Kingdom)
  18. The Freedom and Justice Party & Ors, R (On the Application Of) v The Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs & Anor (Rev 2) [2018] EWCA Civ 1719. (United Kingdom)