Document Type : Article
Authors
1 PhD. Student in Public International Law, Faculty of Law and Political Science, Allameh Tabataba'i University, Tehran, Iran
2 Assistant Prof., Department of Public Law and Public International Law, Faculty of Law and Political Science, Allameh Tabataba'i University, Tehran, Iran.
Abstract
As of May 2023, more than 180 provisions declared in constitutional and ordinary laws, regulatory policies, and court rulings in over 30 countries have recognized the rights of nature or the legal personality of nature. A general look at the experiences of these countries shows that although the way of institutionalizing an ecosystem-centered approach aligns with the normative beliefs of Earth jurisprudence, they provide different answers to key normative questions, such as which components of nature have rights, which rights should be recognized, and who can represent nature, advocate for it, or initiate legal actions on its behalf. In this regard, a comparison of the different methods adopted in five countries—Ecuador, Bolivia, the United States, New Zealand, and Colombia—reveals that the diversity of domestic legal systems and the political, social, and cultural structures of each of these countries has inspired two main models for moving towards ecosystem-centered norms. Nevertheless, in some cases, the definition or scope of rights in both models remains relatively ambiguous, which can, in turn, challenge the effective protection of these rights in practice.
Keywords
- انگلیسی
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