Public Law Studies Quarterly

The Place of the Environment in the Case law Governing International Free Trade

Document Type : Article

Authors

Mahsa Navvabifard 1
Mahmoud Jalali 2

1 PhD in International Law, Faculty of Law and Humanities, Isfahan Azad University(Khurasgan), ‎Isfahan, Iran‎

2 Associate Professor, Law Department, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran‎

https://doi.org/10.22059/jplsq.2021.309938.2558
Abstract
Today, environmental protection is considered one of the most important international concerns. In this regard, numerous international efforts have been made, including the conclusion of various environmental treaties and the efforts of international and regional trade organizations such as NAFTA, the European Union, and even the World Trade Organization, to incorporate environmental protection regulations within trade regulations. Furthermore, the judicial practices of international bodies such as the International Court of Justice, international arbitration tribunals, and quasi-judicial international bodies like WTO panels, as well as competent domestic authorities, have played a significant role in environmental protection. The question is: to what extent has international judicial practice been effective in enhancing environmental protection? This research, utilizing descriptive-analytical methods, seeks to answer this question. The aim of this paper is to clarify the place and importance of environmental regulations in international trade relations. The emphasis of the article is on examining the rulings of international courts and quasi-judicial bodies, international arbitrations, and domestic authorities.

Keywords

international free trade
‎‏ ‏environmental protection
‎international judicial ‎jurisprudence
‎ national courts.‎
Subjects

  1. English

    1. A) Books
    2. Vogit, C. )2018(. Courts and the Environmen. Edward Elgar Publishing. p. 456.

     

    1. B) Articles
    2. Baltage, C. (2018(. Human Rights and Environmental Dispute in International Arbitration. University of Bedfordshire. July 24.
    3. Beharry, C., & Kuritzky, M. )2015(.Going Green: Managing the Environment Through International Investment Arbitration. American University International Law Review, 30(3).
    4. Berardicurti, B, )2018(.Environmental Matters and International Arbitration: Has the Time Come?. Available from: bberadicurti@legance.
    5. Cullet, P. )1999(. International Environmental Law in Domestic Courts: Switzerland. International Environmental Law Research. IELRC working paper.
    6. Desombre, R., & Barkin, J.S. )2004(. Turtles and Trade: The WTO's acceptance of environmental trade restrictions. Global Environmental policics 2(1).
    7. Environmental Case Law Database (2019). European Environmental Law2.0.
    8. Falkner, R., & Nico, J. )2012(. Environment Protection, International Trade and the WTO. Ashgate Research Companion to International Trade Policy.
    9. James, R., M., & Erin, D. )2019(. Global Judicial Handbook on Environment Program (UNEP). Widener University Delaware Law school. 104.
    10. Johnston, E. J.)2017(. 20 Years after Kyoto Protocol, where does world stand on climate. available from: http:// Japantimes.co.jplnews.
    11. Mark Wu. & Salzman, J. )2014(.The Next Generation of Trade and Environment Conflicts: The Risc of Green Industrial Policy. Printed in U.S.A, 108(2).
    12. Moldova- Measures Affecting the importation and Internal sale of goods (Environmental charg), DS421 visited on: http://www.wto.org/english/tratop-e/c.
    13. Zhai, T., & Chang, C.) 2018(.Standing of Environmental Public – Interest Litigants in china: Evolution, Obstacles and Solutions, Journal of Environmental Law, 30(3), 369- 397.

     

    1. C) Cases
    2. Aerial Herbicide Spraying (Ecuador vs. Colombia). Order of 13 September (2013). International Court of Justice (ICJ). General List, No.138. Available at: icj-cij.org
    3. ICC Case No 19869/(2016), MCP/ DDA, Partial award. not published
    4. Pulp Mills on the River Uruguay (Argentina v.  UruguaY)  20 April 2010.  Summary of the Judgments (ICJ).  Available at: www.icj-cij.org
    5. Shrimp/Turtle, Appellate Body Report(1998) The ICJ and Environmental Case Law-Thinking Points(2016). Available from: http://www. UIO.no > Jus 5520 > ICJ – and- international- environmental- Law

     

    References In Persian:

    1. A) Books
    2. Arashpoor, A. (2013). International Responsibility arising from the Breach of Environmental Obligations. Jaavdane Jangal Publication (In Persian).

     

    1. B) Articles
    2. Azizi, S. & Mousavi, S.M., (2017). Case Concerning the Gabcikovo- Nagymaros: Role of the ICJ in Highlighting the Concept of Sustainable Development. International Law Journal, (55), 109-134 (In Persian).
    3. Euro News, Commencement of the Australian Claim against Japan in the Case of Whale Hunting, 26 June 2013 (In Persian).
    4. Phillip, V. (1999). Law of Treaties and International Responsibility in Light of the ICJ Judgment 25 September 1997 in Gabcikovo- Nagymaros Case. translated by Hanjani S.A., Journal of Legal Research, 2(25 & 26), 183-229 (In Persian).
    5. Zarei, S. et al., (2018). Development of International Environmental Law in Light of International Jurisprudence. Journal of Science, Technology and Environment, Vol. 19, No. 3, pp. 197-216 (In Persian).
Public Law Studies Quarterly
Volume 54, Issue 4
Winter 2025
Autumn 2024
Pages 2203-2222

  • Receive Date 16 September 2020
  • Revise Date 13 March 2021
  • Accept Date 27 June 2021

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