Authors

1 Professor, Public and International Law Department, Faculty of Law and Political Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

2 Assistant Professor, Faculty of Law and Theology, University of Shahid Ashrafi Esfahani, Isfahan, Iran

Abstract

Since its beginning, International legal order has been based on trade-offs and reciprocity among States. Such order in substantive law and the Law of Responsibility is similar to the structures of private law. This similarity is the main obstacle to achieving a constitutional order that has the ability to provide adequate protection for individuals’ fundamental rights by relying on hierarchical standards. The development of International Law towards a new order is a result of humanitarian ideals which entered the legal system. Consequently, the future outlook suggests that development in the structure of the Law of Responsibility and implementation of responsibility is possible in the light of such adjustments.

Keywords

  1. الف) فارسی

    1. پاولین، ژوست (1389)، «کثرت حقوق بین­الملل»، ترجمۀ عبداله عابدینی، ویژه­نامۀ مجلۀ حقوقی بین­المللی.
    2. رستم­زاد، حسین­قلی (1384)، جامعۀ بین­المللی و تعهدات بین­المللی (Erga Omnes)، مجلۀ حقوقی بین­المللی.
    3. کدخدایی، عباسعلی (1383)، «تحولات قانون اساسی اتحادیۀ اروپا»، حقوق اساسی، ش 2.
    4. کک دین، نگوین و دیگران (1382) حقوق بین­الملل عمومی، ج 1، ترجمۀ حسن حبیبی، تهران، اطلاعات.
      1. کمیسیون حقوق بین­الملل (1388) مسئولیت بین­المللی دولت، متن و شرح مواد کمیسیون حقوق بین‌الملل، ترجمۀ علیرضا ابراهیم گل، تهران، شهردانش.
      2. میرعباسی، سید باقر و سید حسین سادات میدانی (1387)، دادرسی‌های بین‌المللی، دیوان بین‌المللی دادگستری در تئوری و عمل، تهران، جنگل.

     

     

    ب) انگلیسی

    کتاب‌ها و مقالات

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    اسناد

    1. ICJ, Case Conoerning United States Diplomate And Consular Staff In Tehran (United States Of America V. Iran), Judgment Of 24 May 1980.
    2. ICJ, Legality of the Threat or Use of Nuclear Weapons, Advisory Opinion, Declaration of President Bed)aoul. para.12. ICJ Reports (1996)
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    5. ICJ, Reservations To The Convention On The PreventionAnd Punishment Of The Crime Of Genocide , Icj, Advisory Opinion Of May 28th, 1951
    6. P.C.I.J, 1927, The Lotus Case (France V. Turkey), Series A, No. 10.