Public Law Studies Quarterly

Sexual Slavery in International Criminal Law with Particular Emphasis on the Special Court for Sierra Leone

Document Type : Article

Authors

Sanazalsadat Jafari 1
Masoud Zamani 2
Amir Maghami 3

1 Ph.D Student, Department of Law, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Iran

2 Assistant Prof., Department of Law, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Iran; Department of Public and International Law, Faculty of Law and Political Science, University of Shiraz, Shiraz, Iran

3 Assistant Professor, Department of Law, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran

https://doi.org/10.22059/jplsq.2021.312951.2616
Abstract
Slavery is one of the oldest forms of violation of human dignity. According to the definition given in the 1926 Slavery Convention, slavery is the status or condition of a person over whom any or all of the powers attaching to the right of ownership are exercised, and a "slave" is a person who is subject to this condition. Despite the legal prohibition of slavery, today we witness a new form of slavery, called sexual slavery. The statute of the International Criminal Court has recognized sexual slavery as a crime against humanity as well as a war crime. The purpose of this paper is to review the jurisprudence of the Special Court for Sierra Leon in identifying and developing the definition and elements of the crime of sexual slavery. With a descriptive-analytical method, this study will overview the criminalization of sexual slavery, and examine the approach of the Special Court for Sierra Leone in identifying sexual slavery as a crime against humanity.

Keywords

crimes against humanity
criminalization International Criminal Court
slavery
sexual violence

  1. English

    1. A) Books
    2. Schabas,William (2006), The Un International Criminal Tribunals, The Former Yugoslavia,Rwanda And Sierra Leone, Cambridge University Press.
    3. Japutra, Kiki Anastasia (2015), The Interest of States in Accountability for Sexual Violence in Armed Conflicts: A Case Study of Comfort Women of the Second World War, FICHL Publication Series No. 25, Torkel Opsahl Academic Publisher, Brussels.

     

    1. B) Articles
    2. Drom, Eddy van (2011), "Assessment of the 2000 Tokyo Women’s International War Crimes Tribunal on Japan’s Military Sexual Slavery.”, Journal of Hannan University Social science, Vol. 46, No. 2.
    3. Fenrick, W. J. (2015), Military Self-Interest in Accountability for Core International Crimes Morten Bergsmo and Tianying Song (Eds). International Review of the Red Cross,97(900), FICHL Publication Series, No. 25.
    4. Soares, Miguel De Serpa (2014), American Bar Association “ABA Day at The UN “,United Nations Office of Legal Affairs, 31 March 2014.
    5. Weissbrodt, David, Anti-Slavery International (2002), Abolishing Slavery and Its Contemporary Forms, Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Right.

     

    1. C) Documents
    2. E/CN.4/1996/53/Add. Available at: http://hrlibrary.umn.edu/ commission/country52/53-add1.htm.
    3. ICC, The Pre-Trail Chamber, The Prosecutor v. Germain Katanga,ICC-01/04-01/07,2008.
    4. ICC, The Trail Chamber,The Prosecutor Chamber v. Germain Katanga,ICC-01/04-01/07-3436-t,2014.
    5. ICC, The Trail Chamber,The Prosecutor Chamber v. Bosco Ntaganda,ICC-01/04-02/06,8 July 2019.
    6. ICTY,Kunarac et al. Appeals Judgment, 12 June 2002.
    7. ICTY,The Appeal Chamber,The Prosecutor V.Dragoljub Kunarac & Radomir Kovac & Zoran Vukovic,2002.
    8. Report of the International Law Commission on the work of its forty-third Session, 29 April-19 July 1991, GA, Supplement No 10 (A/46/10)
    9. ICTY,The Trail Chamber,The Prosecutor v. Kunarac & Kovac & Vukovic,22 February 2001.
    10. SCSL, The Trail Judgment, The Prosecutor v. Issa Hassan Sesay,Morris kallon and Augustin Gbao,(RUF), 2 March 2009.
    11. SCSL,The Prosecutor v. Brima, Kamara & Kanu, Indictment,2004.
    12. SCSL,The Trail Chamber II,The Prosecutor v. Brima, Kamara & Kanu, 2007.
    13. SCSL, The Trail Chamber II, The Prosecutor v .Charles Ghankay Taylor, 18 May 2012.
    14. SCSL, The Apeal Judgment, The Prosecutor v. Issa Hassan Sesay,Morris kallon & Augustin Gbao,(RUF), 2 october 2009.
    15. SCSL, The Trail Chamber I, The Prosecutor v. Issa Hassan Sesay & Morris kallon & Augustin Gbao,8 April 2009.
    16. The Elements of Crimes of the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court, 2010.
    17. The Statute of the International Criminal Court, 2002.
    18. The Statute of the Special Court for Sierra Leone, 2002.

    Report of the International Law Commission on the work of its forty-third session, 29 April-19 July 1991, GA, Supplement No 10 (A/46/10).

     

    Refrences In Persian:

    1. A) Books
    2. Aghaei Janatmakan, Hussein (2014), International criminal Law(Collection Of Instruments),Tehran: Jungle Publications (In Persian).
    3. Crayer, Robert and Others (2017), An Introduction to International Criminal Law, Translators: Mojtaba Janipour, Mahin Sobhani, First Edition, Tehran: Jungal Publications (In Persian).
    4. Hussein, Mirmohammad Sadegi (2014), International Criminal Court, Tehran: Dadgostar Publications (In Persian).
    5. Kittichaisaree, Kriangsak (2017), International Criminal Law,Translated by: Behnam Yousefian &Mohammad Esmaili, Tehran: Khorsandi Publications (In Persian).
    6. Zagholi, Abbas (2015), Human Trafficking in Iranian Criminal Policy and International Documents, First Edition, Tehran : Mizan Publications (In Persian).

     

    1. B) Articles
    2. Balkhi, Sara & Azadbakht, Farideh (2014),Sierra Leone Special Court Review: Principles, Achievements and Challenges ", International Criminal Courts, Under the Supervision of Dr. Mehdi Zakerian, Tehran: Tisa Pubications, pp.283-306 (In Persian).
    3. Khak, Ronak (2008), “Criminalization of Sexual Violence in International Criminal Law”, International Law Journal, Journal of the Center for International Legal Affairs, Vice President for Legal Affairs and Parliamentary Affairs, Year 25, No. 39, pp. 101-146 (In Persian).
    4. Ghadir, Mohsen & Others (2018), "Protection of Women against Sexual Violence (Analysis of the Documents of the Four Generations of International Criminal Courts)", Two Scientific Quarterly Promotions of Jurisprudence and Family Law, Vol. 23, No. 69, PP. 5-30 (In Persian).
    5. Zamani, Qasem & Hosseini Akbarnejad, Haleh (2015), International Community & Global Criminal Justice, Quarterly Journal of Public Law Studies, Vol. 54, No. 3, pp. 315-339 (In Persian).
Public Law Studies Quarterly
Volume 52, Issue 4
Winter 2023
Winter 2022
Pages 1993-2017

  • Receive Date 09 November 2020
  • Revise Date 11 September 2021
  • Accept Date 25 September 2021

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