Document Type : Article
Author
Assistant Professor, Law Department, Damghan University, Damghan, Iran
Abstract
European democracies see themselves as defenders of political freedoms including the freedom of all political parties. This, however, does not mean that all parties operate in complete freedom. The law in these regimes identify a phenomenon known as "anti-system parties", whose activities are prohibited. In this paper, we will attempt to answer the following question by studying the legal systems of Spain, Germany and Italy: how is the relationship between freedom of association and the dissolution of anti-system parties characterised in European democracies? Based on a descriptive-analytical and comparative study, it seems that the rational for dissolving anti-system parties is guaranteeing freedom of association itself; as anti-system parties do not adhere to political pluralism, if they came to power this will lead to the abolition of other parties or the violation of their freedoms. On the other hand, the existence of this strong tool to defend the system entails the risk of abuse by the established order. Therefore, democracies must establish a reasonable balance between freedom of association and the supression of anti-system parties, namely by using the dissolution tool only in exceptional cases and under strict and precise rules.
Keywords
- Englsih
- A) Books
- Bumke, Christian & Vosskuhle, Andreas (2015), German Constitutional Law: Introduction, Cases, and Principles, Oxford, Oxford Univ. Press.
- Issacharoff, Samuel (2015), Fragile Democracies. Contested Power in the Era of Constitutional Courts, Cambridge, Cambridge Univ. Press.
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- C) Judgments
- Bundesverfassungsgericht, 23-10-1952, n. 59.
- Spanish
- A) Libros
- Iglesias Bárez, Mercedes (2011), Estructura orgánica y derechos fundamentales en la Constitución española de 1978, Salamanca, Univ. De Salamanca.
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- Fernandez Segado, Francisco (2004), “Algunas reflexiones sobre la Ley Orgánica 6/2002, de Partidos Políticos, al hilo de su interpretación por el Tribunal Constitucional”, Revista Foro, N. 0, 179-225.
- C) Sentencias
5.Tribunal Constitucional, 12-3-2003, n. 48.
- Tribunal Supremo, 27-3-2003, n. 6-2002 y 7-2002.
- D) Trabajo Fin de Grado
- Gomá Garcés, Lucia (2018). “Ilegalización y disolución judicial de partidos políticos y su aplicabilidad al secesionismo catalán”, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales y Jurídicas.
- Italian
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- Caprara, Mario & Semprini, Gianluca (2007). Destra estrema e criminale, Roma, New Compton.
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- Panizza, Saulle & Stradella, Elettra (2013),Diritto pubblico, Rimini, Maggioli.
- Roberti, Gianni (1988), L'opposizione di destra in Italia, Napoli, Gallina.
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- Bonfiglio, Salvatore (2005),“La disciplina giuridica dei partiti e la qualità della democrazia”, Nomos, N. 3, 16-35.
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11.Nicotra, Ida (2002), “La nuova legge organica sui partiti politici in Spagna al primo banco di prova: il procedimento di "illegalizzazione" del Batasuna”, Quaderni costituzionali, N. 1, 1-5.
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- Battisti, Edoardo (2007),“Difesa della democrazia e diritto di associazione politica. Un banco di prova per la democrazia pluralista”, Università degli Studi di Bologna, Dottorato di ricerca in diritto costituzionale.
References in Persian:
- A) Books
- Amid Zanjani, Abbasali (2012),Comparative Constitutional Law, Western and Islamic Countries Constitutional Law, Tehran: Mizan (In Persian).
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- Abbasi, Bizhan & Ebadi Bashir, Maqsud (2017), “Legal Basis of Party Subsidies”, Public Law Studies Quarterly, Vol. 47, Issue 1, pp.27-50 (In Persian).
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