Public Law Studies Quarterly

The Assassination of Martyr Fakhrizadeh from the Perspective of International Law

Document Type : Article

Author

Mahvash Monfared

Assistant Professor, Department of Islamic Study and Law, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Vali-e-Asr University, Rafsanjan, Kerman, Iran

https://doi.org/10.22059/jplsq.2021.322376.2754
Abstract
On November 27, 2020, Dr. Mohsen Fakhrizadeh, one of Iran's most prominent nuclear scientists and head of the ministry of defense's research and innovation organization, was assassinated near Tehran and achieved the grace of martyrdom. Given that the assassination of Martyr Fakhrizadeh took place outside the framework of an armed conflict during peacetime, it is a clear example of the use of lethal force in peacetime and the arbitrary deprivation of the right to life. Accordingly, the question of the paper is what is the nature of the targeted assassination of this nuclear scientist from the perspective of the rules of IHRL and IHL? In order to reach the answer, the research studied the issue by a descriptive-analytical method and in the framework of the international IHRL and IHL regimes, collecting valid and credible documents through documents and libraries and referring to the materials published in reputable international think tanks. The findings show that this assassination is in objective contradiction with the rules of IHRL and IHL regimes, therefore violates the most obvious principles and rules of this legal regime, including the arbitrary deprivation of the right to life, which has led to extrajudicial killings.

Keywords

assassination
right to life
international human right law
international humanitarian law
arbitrary deprivation
extrajudicial killing
Mohsen Fakhrizadeh
Subjects
  1. فارسی

الف) کتاب‌ها

  1. دردریان، جیمز (1384). گفتمان تروریستی: نشانه‌ها، دولت‌ها و نظام‌های خشونت سیاسی جهانی. ترجمة وحید بزرگی و علیرضا طیب، تهران: نی.

 

ب) مقالات

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  2. عبدالهی، محسن (1389). حمایت از حق حیات در عملیات انتظامی. فصلنامة تحقیقات حقوقی، (52)، 335- 379.
  3. عزیزی، ستار (1399). قتل هدفمند از نگاه حقوق بین‌الملل و حقوق داخلی ایالات متحدة آمریکا: مطالعة موردی ترور سردار سلیمانی، فصلنامة پژوهش حقوق تطبیقی اسلام و غرب، 137- 142.
  4. لسانی، حسام‌الدین و منفرد، مهوش (1396). تأملی بر مشروعیت سیاست کشتار هدفمند از منظر حقوق بین‌الملل بشردوستانه. مجلة مطالعات حقوقی دانشگاه شیراز، (2)، 246- 276.
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ج) پایان‌نامه‌ها

  1. منفرد، مهوش (1397). قابلیت اعمال حقوق بین‌الملل بشردوستانه و حقوق بین‌الملل بشر بر سیاست کشتار هدفمند. رسالة دکتری، به راهنمایی سید احمد طباطبایی و علیرضا ابراهیم گل، تهران: دانشگاه تهران (پردیس فارابی). تاریخ دفاع 07/07/ 1397.

 

  1. انگلیسی
  2. A) Books
  3. Melzer, N. (2009). Targeted Killing in International Law. Oxford University Press.
  4. Otto, R. (2012). Targeted Killings and International Law; With Special Regard to Human Rights and International Humanitarian Law. Max-Planck-Institut für ausländisches öffentliches Recht und Völkerrecht.

 

  1. B) Articels
  2. David S. R. (2002). Fatal Choice: Israel’s Policy of Targeted Killing. Mideast Security and Policy Studies, (51).
  3. Greenwald, D. S. (2020). is killing Iranian nuclear scientist’s terrorism. opinion juris.
  4. Kretzmer, D. (2005). Targeted Killing of Suspected Terrorists: Extra-Judicial Executions or Legitimate Means of Defense. The European Journal of International Law, 16 (2).
  5. O'Connell, M. E. (2010). The Choice of Law against Terrorism. Journal of National Security Law & Policy.
  6. Schmitt, M. N. (1992). State-Sponsored Assassination in International and Domestic Law. Yale Journal of International Law, (1).

 

  1. C) International Treaties and Conventions
  2. Basic Principles on the Use of Force and Firearms by Law Enforcement Officials, Adopted by the Eighth United Nations Congress on the Prevention of Crime and the Treatment of Offenders, Havana, Cuba, 27 August To 7 September 1990, Principle 5 (b), Available at: https://www.un.org/ruleoflaw/files/basicp~3.pdf.
  3. Code of Conduct for Law Enforcement Officials, Adopted by General Assembly Resolution 34/169 of 17 December 1979, Art. 3 (A), Available at: https://www.un.org/ruleoflaw/files/codeof~1.pdf.
  4. International Convention for the Suppression of the Financing of Terrorism (United Nation 1999).
  5. The UK’s Terrorism Act 2000, available at: https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2000/11/contents.
  6. United nation, International Convention for the Suppression of Terrorist Bombings (New York, 15 December 1997).
  7. UNCHR, Report of the Special Rapporteur on Extrajudicial, Summary or Arbitrary Executions Study on Targeted Killings, Philip Alston, UN Doc 28 May 2010, and A/HRC/14/24/Add.6.

 

  1. D) Cases
  2. Inter-American Court of Human Rights, Case of Neira-Alegría et al. v. Peru, Judgment of January 19, 1995, para. 75, Available at: http://www.corteidh.or.cr/docs/casos/articulos/seriec_20_ing.pdf.
  3. Inter-American Court of Human Rights, Case of Neira-Alegría et al. v. Peru, Judgment of January 19, 1995, para. 75, Available at: http://www.corteidh.or.cr/docs/casos/articulos/seriec_20_ing.pdf.
  4. United Nations, Human Rights Committee, Suárez De Guerrero v. Colombia, (Communication No. R. 11/45), Para. 13 (2), Available at: http://ebooks.cambridge.org/clr/case.jsf?bid=cbo9781316151983&id=cbo9781316151983a042United States District Court, State of Idaho et al v. Horiuchi , Case No.CR97-097-NEJL, p. 18. Available at: https://cryptome.org/jya/id-lth.htm.
  5. E) International Bodies Resolution
  6. DOC.A2229.Ch.VL 1995.
  7. Asembly. Res. 45/164, 25 Feb 2000.
  8. Asembly. Res. 56/160 13 Feb. 2002.
  9. Asembly. Res 59/195, 22 Mar. 2005.

 

  1. F) Reports
  2. Amnesty International, Israel and the Occupied Territories – State Assassinations and other Unlawful Killings, 2001.
  3. Compilation of General Comments and General Recommendations Adopted by Human Rights Treaty Bodies, Hri/Gen/1/Rev.1, 29 July 1994, para. 1.
  4. Mossad Behind Tehran Assassinations, Says Source, Ulrike Putz, available at: spiegel.de/consent-a-? targetUrl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.spiegel.
  5. Report on Terrorism and Human Rights, OEA/Ser.L/V/II.116, Doc. 5 Rev. 1 Corr., 22 October 2002, para (6) (4).Available at: https://www.cidh.oas.org/terrorism/eng/exe.htm.
  6. UN Human Rights Council, Report of the Special Rapporteur on Extrajudicial, Summary or Arbitrary Executions, Philip Alston; Study on Targeted Killings, (A/HRC/14/24/Add.6, 28 May
Public Law Studies Quarterly
Volume 54, Issue 2 - Serial Number 38
Summer 2024
Spring 2024
Pages 1367-1386

  • Receive Date 25 April 2021
  • Revise Date 10 August 2021
  • Accept Date 03 October 2021

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