نوع مقاله : علمی-پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 دانشجوی دکتری مدیریت قراردادهای بینالمللی نفت و گاز، گروه حقوق خصوصی، دانشگاه علامه طباطبایی، تهران، ایران.
2 استادیار گروه حقوق بینالملل دانشگاه علامه طباطبایی، تهران، ایران
3 دانشیار گروه مهندسی دریا، دانشگاه صنعت نفت آبادان، اهواز، ایران
چکیده
طی دهههای اخیر، با گسترش عملیات بهرهبرداری نفت و گاز در مناطق دریایی، تأسیسات فراساحلی متروکه یا بدون استفادة زیادی باقی مانده که آثار این تأسیسات بر ایمنی دریانوردی و محیط زیست دریایی یکی از چالشهای نوظهور و برجسته حقوق بینالملل است. ازاینرو ضروری است حقوق بینالملل از طریق ترتیبات سازمانی در این موضوع وارد شود. این تحقیق با استفاده از منابع کتابخانهای، بر آن است تا به تحلیل نقش سازمان بینالملل دریانوردی (آیمو) بهعنوان سازمان بینالمللی صلاحیتدار دربارة ایمنی دریانوردی و حفاظت از محیطزیست دریایی در موضوع برچیدهسازی تأسیسات فراساحلی ثابت یا شناور متروکه یا بدون استفاده، بپردازد. نتایج این پژوهش نشان میدهد هرچند این سازمان از طریق دستورالعملهای الزامآور۱۹۸۹ توانسته به این مسئله بپردازد، اما نقصان و عدمشفافیت لازم موجب عدم فراگیری این سند شده است. افزون بر این سازمان بینالمللی دریانوردی امین و مسئول حسن اجرای چند سند بینالمللی الزامآور جهت تضمین حفاظت محیط زیست دریایی و حمایت از ذینفعان دریا است اما، این اسناد هم ابهامات متعددی دربارة موضوع برچیدهسازی در سطح بینالمللی دارند. ازاینرو لازم است سازمان مذکور در قالب یک کنوانسیون جهانی اختصاصی شرایط تدوین، تنظیم و الزام به اجرای مقررات برچیدهسازی را با کمک مقررات پیمانهای منطقهای، فراهم سازد.
کلیدواژهها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
The Role of the International Maritime Organization in the Development and Implementation of Regulations for the Decommissioning of Abandoned Offshore Installations
نویسندگان [English]
- Farideh Vaez 1
- Mehriar Dashab 2
- Pedram Edalat 3
1 Ph.D. Student, Management of International Oil and Gas Contracts, Faculty of Law and Political Sciences, Allameh Tabataba’i University, Tehran, Iran
2 Assistant Professor of Faculty of Law and Political Sciences, Allameh Tabataba'i University, Tehran, Iran
3 Associate Professor of Offshore Structural Engineering Department, Petroleum University of Technology, Ahvaz, Iran
چکیده [English]
Abandoned or underutilized offshore installations seriously impact maritime safety and the marine environment and represent an emerging and significant challenge in international law. Therefore, it is essential for international law to engage with this issue. This research aims to analyze the role of the International Maritime Organization (IMO) as the competent international body regarding maritime safety and the protection of the marine environment in the context of decommissioning abandoned or unused offshore installations. The results of this study indicate that although the organization has addressed this issue through the binding guidelines of 1989, deficiencies and a lack of clarity have hindered the comprehensiveness of this document. Additionally, the IMO is responsible for the implementation of several binding international documents to ensure the protection of the marine environment and support stakeholders at sea; however, these documents also contain numerous ambiguities regarding the decommissioning issue at the international level. Therefore, it is necessary for the organization to establish conditions for drafting, regulating, and enforcing decommissioning regulations within the framework of a dedicated global convention, with the assistance of regional treaty regulations.
کلیدواژهها [English]
- decommissioning of installations
- IMO
- navigational safety.
۱. فارسی
الف) کتابها
۱. زمانی، سید قاسم (۱۳۸۸). حقوق سازمانهای بینالمللی: شخصیت، مسئولیت، مصونیت. تهران: شهر.
۲. مرزبان، علیاکبر (۱۳۹۱). سازمان بینالمللی دریانوردی و نقش آن در صنعت دریانوردی و حقوق بینالملل دریایی. تهران: اسرار دانش.
ب) مقالات
- اکبرپور، حمیدرضا؛ میرعباسی، سیدباقر؛ کامرانی، احسان (۱۴۰۰). نقش سازمان بینالمللی دریانوردی در جلوگیری از آلودگی ناشی از دفع ضایعات: مطالعة موردی کنوانسیون لندن. فصلنامة علمی محیطزیست و توسعة فرابخشی، (۱۷)، ۴۱ـ۵۰. https://doi.org/10.22034/envj.2021.92050.
- رضاییان مهر، مصطفی؛ کاشانی، جواد (۱۳۹۵). برچیدن تأسیسات نفت و گاز دریایی از منظر حقوق بینالملل. فصلنامة پژوهش حقوق عمومی، (۵۰). ۵۹ـ۹۳.https://doi.org/10.22054/qjpl.2016.3966.
- طلایی، فرهاد؛ حیدری، الهام (۱۳۹۴). نقش سازمانهای بینالمللی دارای صلاحیت جهانی در مقابله با آلودگی زیستمحیطی ناشی از پسماندها. مجلة مطالعات حقوقی دانشگاه شـیراز، (2)، ۱۲۳ـ۱۷۱، https://doi.org/10.22099/jls.2015.3215.
- مؤمنی راد، احمد؛ ستایشپور، محمد (۱۳۹۸). دامنۀ مفهومی مسئولیت اشتقاقی سازمانهای بینالمللی در حقوق بینالملل. فصلنامۀ مطالعات حقوق عمومی. (3)، ۶۳۵ـ ۶۵۵. https://doi.org/10.22059/jplsq.2018.242627.1589.
ج) اسناد
- آییننامة احداث و استفاده از تأسیسات در فلات قاره و منطقه انحصاری اقتصادی ایران در خلیج فارس و دریای عمان، تاریخ تصویب: 1375/09/28.
- قانون اجازة عضویت جمهوری اسلامی ایران در کنوانسیون بازل درباره کنترل انتقالات برونمرزی مواد زاید زیانبخش و دفع آنها، مصوب 1371/06/31.
- قانون الحاق دولت جمهوری اسلامی ایران به کنوانسیون جلوگیری از آلودگی دریایی ناشی از دفع مواد زاید و دیگر مواد، مصوب 1375/06/25.
- قانون الحاق دولت جمهوری اسلامی ایران به کنوانسیون بینالمللی نایروبی دربارة انتقال لاشة کشتیها، مصوب 1389/02/28.
۲. انگلیسی
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- B) Articles
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- C) Documents
- 1996 Protocol to the Convention on the Prevention of Marine Pollution by Dumping of Wastes and Other Matter, 1972 (as amended in 2006).
- A/RES/69/245, Oceans and the law of the sea, Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 29 December 2014.
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- Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and their Disposal, 1989.
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- Convention on the International Maritime Organization, Adopted in Geneva, Switzerland, on 6 March 1948.
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- Decommissioning Methodology and cost valuation, prepared for the U.S. Department of the Interior Bureau of Safety and Environmental Enforcement, Prepared by ICF Incorporate, Call Order No. E14PB00056 (USA).
- Draft articles on the responsibility of international organizations, adopted by the International Law Commission at its sixty-third session, in 2011, and submitted to the General Assembly as a part of the Commission’s report covering the work of that session (A/66/10, para. 87). The report will appear in Yearbook of the International Law Commission, 2011, vol. II, Part Two.
- Draft conclusions on identification of customary international law, with commentaries, adopted by the International Law Commission at its seventieth session, in 2018, and submitted to the General Assembly as a part of the Commission’s report covering the work of that session (A/73/10). The report, which also contains commentaries to the draft articles (para. 66), will appear in Yearbook of the International Law Commission, 2018, vol. II, Part Two.
- Geneve Convention on the Continental Shelf (CCS),1958.
- Guidelines and standards for the Removal of Offshore Installations and Structures on the Continental Shelf and in the Exclusive Economic Zone (IMO Resolution A.672 (16)), Adopted on 19 October 1989.
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- D) Thesis
- Pongrácz, Eva (2002). Re-defining the Concepts of Waste and Waste Management: Evolving the Theory of Waste Management, Doctoral Thesis, Department of Process and Environmental Engineering, University of Oulu: Finland.
- E) Website
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۳. فرانسوی
- مقالات
- Réglat-Boireau, A. (1982). La désaffectation des installations en mer, Annuaire français de droit international, volume 873-884, Available at: https://www.persee.fr/doc/afdi_0066-3085_1982_num_28_1_2521 (Accessed 25 January 2025).