Document Type : Article
Authors
1 Associate Pro., Department of International Law, Faculty of Law, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
2 Ph.D. International Commercial and Investment Law, University of Study Faculty of Law, Shahid Beheshti Universtiy, Tehran, Iran
Abstract
An examination of the position of national security exeptrion in the World Trade Organization and international case law is of great importance, especially as we have recently witnessed unprecedented references by states to the national security exeption as a means to avoid fulfilling their obligations. The continuation of this trend in the near future will undoubtedly present significant challenges to the international legal system. In this context, the most important questions include: the conditions for invoking the national security exception, its legal implications, and ultimately the mechanisms to address the challenges ahead. By analyzing the latest findings from international judicial practices, particularly the Russia Transit case in the World Trade Organization and the Certain Iranian Assets case in the International Court of Justice, it can be concluded that a state is exempt from fulfilling its obligations under the guise of national security only when the invocation of national security is "necessary," the actions taken are "proportional" to the goal of maintaining national security, and they have been taken in "good faith." The establishment of a balance between conflicting interests by the court and the acceptance of the invocation of national security within the limits of rationality are two mechanisms to counter the challenges posed by the national security exception.
Keywords
- national security exeption
- proportionality
- World Trade Organization
- necessity
- responsibility of governments.
Main Subjects
English
- A) Books
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- B) Articles
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- C) Decisions
- Bank Markazi v. Peterson, United States Court of Apeals 2016.
- Belgium v. Senegal, ICJ Reports 2009
- Certain Iranian Assets (Islamic Republic of Iran v. United States of America), ICJ Reports 2023.
- EC Banans III (Ecuador v. European Communities), WTO Reports 2012.
- Military and Paramilitary Activities in and against Nicaragua (Nicaragua v. United States of America), ICJ Reports 1986.
- Oil Platforms (Islamic Republic of Iran v. United States), ICJ Reports 2003.
- Pulp Mills on the River Uruguay (Argentina v. Uruguay), ICJ Reports 2006.
- United States- Certain Measures on Steel and Aluminium Products (China v. United States), WTO Reports 2022.
- US - Helms Burton (European Communities v. United States), WTO Reports 1998.
- Rosneft v. Her Majesty’s Treasury, European Court of Justice 2017.
- Russia – Measures Concerning Traffic in Transit (Ukraine v. Russia), WTO Reports 2019.
- Saudi Arabia – Measures Concerning the Protection of Intellectual Property Rights (Qatar v. Saudi Arabia), WTO Reports 2020.
References In Persian:
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- B) Articles
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