فصلنامه مطالعات حقوق عمومی دانشگاه تهران

دانشکده حقوق و علوم سیاسی دانشگاه تهران

شماره جاری

بر اساس شماره‌های نشریه

بر اساس نویسندگان

نمایه نویسندگان

نمایه کلیدواژه ها

درباره نشریه

اعضای هیأت تحریریه

اهداف و چشم‌انداز

اخبار و اعلانات

پرسش‌های متداول

پیوندهای مفید

راهنمای نویسندگان

راهنمای نحوه ارسال مقاله

فهرست داوران

مقررات تنظیم مرزی کربن اتحادیۀ اروپا و آثار اجرای آن بر ایران

نوع مقاله : علمی-پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار، گروه حقوق عمومی، دانشکدۀ حقوق و علوم سیاسی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.‏

2 دانشجوی کارشناسی‌ارشد حقوق تجاری اقتصادی بین‌المللی، دانشکدۀ حقوق و علوم سیاسی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران‏

چکیده

اتحادیۀ اروپا اخیراً مقررات سازوکار تنظیم مرزی کربن را تصویب کرد که با اجرای آن، واردات گروهی از تولیدات صنایع آلاینده به اتحادیۀ اروپا منوط به پرداخت مالیات تنظیم مرزی کربن شده است تا از صنایع داخلی حمایت کرده و در راستای اهداف اقلیمی اتحادیه حرکت کند. این سازوکار که اولین در نوع خود است، از جهات مختلفی محل بحث پژوهشگران قرار گرفته است که از جمله می‌توان به انطباق آن با مقررات سازمان جهانی تجارت و توافقنامۀ پاریس و آثار آن بر تجارت خارجی کشورها و نحوۀ مقابله با آن اشاره کرد. هدف این مقاله، بررسی کارکرد سازوکار و انطباق آن با الزامات حقوقی بین‌المللی و در نهایت، پاسخگویی به این پرسش است که چگونه می‌توان با پیامدهای این سازوکار بر تجارت خارجی ایران مقابله کرد. روش تحقیق، توصیفی-تحلیلی و روش جمع‌آوری اطلاعات آن، کتابخانه‌ای-اسنادی است. یافته‌ها حاکی از آن است که تجارت خارجی ایران پیرو تحولات جهانی ناشی از اجرای این سازوکار به‌شدت متأثر خواهد شد. در نهایت، پیشنهادهایی برای مقابله با آثار آن ارائه شده است که وضع مالیات بر انتشار دی‌اکسید کربن، کاهش انتشار با نوسازی و ارتقای صنایع آلاینده و اجرای الزامات اقتصاد کم‌کربن در برنامۀ ششم توسعه از مهم‌ترین آنهاست. 

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

The European Union Carbon Border Adjestment Mechanism and its ‎Implications for Iran

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mehdi Piri 1
  • Raadmehr Maleki 2

1 Assistant Prof., Department of Public Law, Faculty of Law and Political Science, University of ‎Tehran, Tehran, Iran‎

2 ‎.A. Student in International Trade and Economic Law, Faculty of law and Political Science, ‎Univeristy of Tehran, Tehran, Iran‎

چکیده [English]

The European Union recently approved the Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism, which requires that imports of certain products from polluting industries into the EU be subject to a carbon border tax. This measure aims to support domestic industries and align with the EU's climate goals. This mechanism, the first of its kind, has been the subject of discussion among researchers for various reasons, including its compliance with World Trade Organization regulations and the Paris Agreement, as well as its impacts on the foreign trade of countries and ways to address it. The objective of this paper is to examine the functioning of the mechanism and its compliance with international legal requirements, ultimately addressing the question of how Iran can cope with the consequences of this mechanism on its foreign trade. The research method is descriptive-analytical, and the data collection method is library-based and documentary. The findings indicate that Iran's foreign trade will be significantly affected by global developments resulting from the implementation of this mechanism. Finally, recommendations are provided to mitigate its effects, including imposing taxes on carbon dioxide emissions, reducing emissions through the modernization and upgrading of polluting industries, and implementing low-carbon economy requirements in the Sixth Development Plan, which are among the most important measures.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • the eu carbon border ‎adjustment measure ‎‎(cbam)
  • cbam certificate
  • ‎the eu emissions trading ‎system
  • the eu climate ‎change policies.‎
مراجع
  1. فارسی

- مقالات

  1. پیری، مهدی (1397). تأملی بر آثار حقوقی الحاق جمهوری اسلامی ایران به توافقنامۀ پاریس در خصوص تغییرات اقلیمی. فصلنامة مطالعات حقوق عمومی دانشگاه تهران، 48(4)، 887-908.

 

  1. انگلیسی
  2. A) Articles
  3. Andrew, R., & Peters, G. (2021). The Global Carbon Project’s fossil CO2 emissions dataset. figshare. Preprint. doi:https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.16729084.v1
  4. Aylor, B., Marc Gilbert, Nikolaus Lang, Michael McAdoo, Johan Öberg, Cornelius Pieper, Bas Sudmeijer, & Voigt, N. (2020). How an EU Carbon Border Tax Could Jolt World Trade. (BCG Global). https://web-assets.bcg.com/img-src/BCG-How-an-EU-Carbon-Border-Tax-Could-Jolt-World-Trade-Jun-2020_tcm9-252002.pdf.
  5. Friedlingstein, P. et al. (2022). Global Carbon Budget 2022. Earth System Science Data, [online] 14(11), 4811–4900. doi:https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-4811-2022.
  6. Galiffa, C., & Ignacio Garcia Bercero. (2022). How WTO-Consistent Tools Can Ensure the Decarbonization of Emission-Intensive Industrial Sectors. AJIL Unbound. Cambridge University Press, (116), 196–201. doi:https://doi.org/ 10.1017/aju.2022.32.
  7. Gehring, Markus (2023). Border Carbon and the CBAM Mechanism’s Legality in the EU Legal Order. SSRN Electronic Journal. doi:https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4409236.
  8. Hillman, J. A. (2013). Changing Climate for Carbon Taxes: Who’s Afraid of the WTO? (Climate & Energy Policy Paper Series, July 2013) https://scholarship.law.georgetown.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3048&context=facpub.
  9. Leal-Arcas, R., Manuliza Faktaufon, & Kyprianou, A, (2022). A Legal Exploration of the European Union’s Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism. European Energy and Environmental Law Review, (1), 223-240. doi:https://doi.org/10.54648/EE.
  10. Lestan, F., Sajal Kabiraj, & Babu George (2023). Preliminary Impact Assessment of Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism on Russian Economy. FIIB Business Review, April 15. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/23197145221143033.
  11. Leturcq, P. (2022). The European Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism and the Path to Sustainable Trade Policies: From ‘Coexistence’ to ‘Cooperation.Cambridge Yearbook of European Legal Studies. Cambridge University Press, (24), 67–87. doi:https://doi.org/10.1017/cel.2022.6.
  12. Mehling, M. A., Harro Van Asselt, Kasturi Das, Susanne Droege, and Cleo Verkuijl (2019). Designing Border Carbon Adjustments for Enhanced Climate Action. American Journal of International Law. Cambridge University Press, 113(3), Julyو 433-481. doi:https://doi.org/10.1017/ajil.2019.22.
  13. Pirlot, A. (2022). Carbon Border Adjustment Measures: A Straightforward Multi-Purpose Climate Change Instruments? Journal of Environmental Law, 34(1), 25-52. doi:https://doi.org/10.1093/jel/eqab028.
  14. Ramseur, Jonathan L., Christopher A. Casey, and Brandon J. Murrill (2023). Border Carbon Adjustments: Background and Developments in the European Union. Congressional Research Service. https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/R/R47167.
  15. Vidigal, G., & Venzke, I. (2022). Of False Conflicts and Real Challenges: Trade Agreements, Climate Clubs, and Border Adjustments, AJIL Unbound. Cambridge University Press, (116), 202–207. doi:https://doi.org/10.1017/aju.2022.34.

 

  1. B) Documents
  2. Consolidated Version of The Treaty on Functioning of The European Union, October 26, 2012, https://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:12012E/TXT:en:PDF.
  3. Directive 2003/87/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 October 2003 Establishing a Scheme for Greenhouse Gas Emission Allowance Trading Within the Community and Amending Council Directive 96/61/EC, 2003, https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32003L0087.
  4. European Parliament Legislative Resolution of 18 April 2023 on the Proposal for a Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council Establishing a Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (COM(2021)0564 – C9-0328/2021 – 2021/0214(COD)), April 18, 2023, https://www.europarl.europa.eu/doceo/document/TA-9-2023-0100_EN.pdf.
  5. GATT Appellate Body Report, United StatesImport Prohibition of Certain Shrimp and Shrimp Products, para. 129, WT/DS58/AB/R, Nov. 6, 1998, https://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/dispu_e/58abr.pdf.
  6. GATT Panel Report, Brazil—Certain Measures Concerning Taxation and Charges, para. 7.880, WT/DS472/R, WT/DS497/R, Aug. 30, 2017, https://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/dispu_e/472_497abr_e.pdf.
  7. GATT Panel Report, United States—Restrictions on Imports of Tuna, GATT Doc. DS21/R, GATT BISD 39S/155, 1991, https://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/dispu_e/gatt_e/91tuna.pdf.
  8. GATT Panel Report, United States—Standards for Reformulated and Conventional Gasoline, note. 238, at 21, WT/DS2/R, May 20, 1996, as modified by the Appellate Body Report, WT/DS2/AB/R, May 20, 1996, https://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/dispu_e/2-9.pdf.
  9. Regulation (EU) 2021/1119 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 30 June 2021 Establishing the Framework for Achieving Climate Neutrality and Amending Regulations (EC) No 401/2009 and (EU) 2018/1999 (‘European Climate Law’), June 30, 2021, https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32021R1119.
  10. Regulation (EU) 2023/956 OF the European Parliament and of the Council of 10 May 2023 Establishing a Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism, May 16, 2023, https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32023R0956&qid=1686382810172.
  11. Proposal for a REGULATION OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL Establishing a Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism, 2021, https://eur-lex.europa.eu/resource.html?uri=cellar:a95a4441-e558-11eb-a1a5-01aa75ed71a1.0001.02/DOC_1&format=PDF.
  12. "The European Green Deal (The European Union, December 11, 2019)," https://eur-lex.europa.eu/resource.html?uri=cellar:b828d165-1c22-11ea-8c1f-01aa75ed71a1.0002.02/DOC_1&format=PDF.

 

  1. C) Web Pages
  2. "A European Green Deal: Striving to Be the First Climate-Neutral Continent," July 14, 2021, https://commission.europa.eu/strategy-and-policy/priorities-2019-2024/european-green-deal_en.
  3. "EU Climate Action: Provisional Agreement Reached on Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM)," accessed May 19, 2023, https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/press/press-releases/2022/12/13/eu-climate-action-provisional-agreement-reached-on-carbon-border-adjustment-mechanism-cbam/.
  4. "European Union: ‘FIT FOR 55’- Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism Regulation Signed," accessed May 19, 2023, https://insightplus.bakermckenzie.com/bm/tax/european-union-fit-for-55-european-union-carbon-border-adjustment-mechanism-regulation-signed.
  5. "Free Circulation," accessed May 26, 2023, https://taxation-customs.ec.europa.eu/customs-4/customs-procedures-import-and-export-0/what-importation/free-circulation_en.
فصلنامه مطالعات حقوق عمومی دانشگاه تهران
دوره 55، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 42
تابستان 1404
تیر 1404
صفحه 985-1004
فایل ها
سابقه مقاله
  • تاریخ دریافت: 26 مهر 1402
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 24 آذر 1402
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 27 فروردین 1403
هم رسانی
ارجاع به این مقاله
آمار