نوع مقاله : علمی-پژوهشی
نویسنده
گروه حقوق عمومی، واحد شیراز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، شیراز، ایران
چکیده
اصولاً قوانین باید جامعۀ خود را منعکس کنند و قادر به تنظیم رفتار اجتماعی متناسب با تغییر و تحولات جدید باشند، و براساس اطلاعات کامل، در یک فرایند مشورتی و آگاهانه تصویب شوند؛ اما بررسی ها نشان میدهند که انعکاس جامعۀ کنونی به دلیل شتاب اجتماعی و تکنولوژیکی آن به چالشی فزاینده تبدیل شده است و قانون گذاران قادر به هماهنگی کامل با این تحولات نیستند؛ بنابراین یکی از راهکارهای آنها برای حل این چالش ها، تقنین موقّت بوده است. قانون گذاری موقّت برای حل مشکلات موقّت، مدیریت شرایط اضطراری و موضوعات به شدّت اختلافی، در حوزه های نوآورانه استفاده می شود. این نوع قانونگذاری شامل دو ابزار تعیین زمان مشخص (بندهای غروب) برای انقضای قانون و تصویب آزمایشی قانون است. بر این اساس، در قانون بندی برای زمان خاتمۀ کل قانون یا بخشی از آن گنجانده می شود. تقنین آزمایشی حاکی از رویکرد آزمون و خطا در امور جامعه و یادگیری پویا از نتایج آن است. قانون موقّت با وجود کارکردهای مطلوب، مورد نقدهایی قرار گرفته است و در نظام های مختلف، نه بهطور سیستماتیک، بلکه فقط در موارد خاص و براساس علل موجه تصویب می شود. مقاله با روش توصیفیـ تحلیلی به واکاوی زوایای مختلف قانون موقّت میپردازد.
کلیدواژهها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
Analysis of Types and Functions of Temporary Law
نویسنده [English]
- khadijeh shojaeian
Department of Public Law, Sh.C., Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran
چکیده [English]
In principle, laws should reflect their society and be able to regulate social behavior in accordance with new changes and developments, and be approved based on complete information and in a consultative and informed process; However, studies show that reflecting the current society has become a growing challenge due to its social and technological acceleration, and legislators are unable to fully coordinate with these developments; therefore, one of their solutions to solve these challenges has been temporary legislation.Temporary legislation is used to solve temporary problems, manage emergency situations and highly controversial issues and in innovative areas. This type of legislation includes two tools for determining a specific time (sunset clauses) for the expiration of the law and the experimental enactment of the law. Accordingly, a clause is included in the law for the termination time of the whole law or part of it. Experimental legislation indicates a trial and error approach in social affairs and dynamic learning from its results. Despite its desirable functions, temporary laws have been criticized and are not approved systematically in different systems, but only in specific cases and based on justified reasons.The article analyzes the different aspects of the temporary law using an descriptive and analytical method
کلیدواژهها [English]
- Temporary Law
- Experimental Law
- Sunset Law
- Evaluation
- Effectiveness
- فارسی
- شجاعیان، خدیجه (1398)، ابعاد حقوقی وضعیت اضطراری در پرتو قوانین اساسی نظامهای حقوقی مختلف، در مجموعۀ مقالات حقوق عمومی از تنظیم قدرت تا تضمین حقها. ویراستار محمد جلالی. تهران: خانۀ اندیشمندان علوم انسانی، 421 ـ 444.
- انگلیسی
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