نوع مقاله : علمی-پژوهشی
نویسنده
استادیار، گروه حقوق، دانشکدۀ علوم اجتماعی، دانشگاه بینالمللی امام خمینی (ره)، قزوین، ایران.
چکیده
اقدامات اقلیمی، تأثیرات اجتماعی عمیقی بر گروههای مختلف افراد و برخی صنایع و در نتیجه بازتولید بیعدالتی، بیکاری و فقر خواهد داشت. از جمله مفاهیم مرتبط با تعدیل آثار مذکور «گذار عادلانه» است. گذار عادلانه بر تحقق ایده به حداقل رساندن تأثیرات نامطلوب و نابرابریهای اجتماعی-اقتصادی ناشی از اقدامات اقلیمی بر گروهها و جوامع آسیبپذیر از جمله کارگران اهتمام دارد. در واقع مسئلۀ اصلی این است که امروز چگونه میتوان در ضمن اقدامات اقلیمی، متعهد به تحقق توسعۀ پایدار و ریشهکنی فقر بود و نیز نابرابری گروههای مختلف در نظام داخلی یا تفاوت در میزان توسعهیافتگی دولتها و دسترسی نامتوازن آنها به منابع را لحاظ کرد تا مانع از تعمیق تدریجی شکاف بین دولتهای توسعهیافته و در حال توسعه شود. هدف گذار عادلانه تسهیل و تسریع گذار به تغییر منابع انرژی و اقتصاد پایدارتر است. تمرکز بر نقاط قوت و ضعف گذار عادلانه در راستای کاهش و مدیریت آثار و تبعات اقدامات اقلیمی، از جمله موضوعاتی است که طی سالهای اخیر توجه بسیار از نهادهای بینالمللی را به خود جلب کرده و تلاش شده است تا نقشۀ راهی در اسناد و معاهدات بینالمللی برای تحقق گذار عادلانه ترسیم شود.
کلیدواژهها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
The Necessity and Prospects of a ‘Just Transition’ in Climate Action
نویسنده [English]
- Haleh Hosseini Akbarnejad
Assistant Prof., Department of Law, Faculty of Social Sciences, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran.
چکیده [English]
Climate actions have profound social impacts on different groups of people and certain industries, potentially perpetuating injustice, unemployment, and poverty. One of the concepts associated with mitigating these effects is the notion of a “just transition.” A just transition focuses on minimizing the adverse impacts and socio-economic inequalities arising from climate actions on vulnerable groups and communities, including workers. The central issue today is how to pursue climate actions while remaining committed to sustainable development and poverty eradication, taking into account inequalities among different groups within countries, as well as disparities in development levels and unequal access to resources among states, so as to prevent the gradual widening of the gap between developed and developing countries. The goal of a just transition is to facilitate and accelerate the shift toward sustainable energy sources and a more sustainable economy. Focusing on the strengths and weaknesses of a just transition, in order to reduce and manage the impacts and consequences of climate actions, has increasingly attracted the attention of international organizations in recent years. Efforts have been made to outline roadmaps in international treaties and documents to achieve a just transition.
کلیدواژهها [English]
- just transition
- climate action
- sustainable development
- environment
- فارسی
- مقالات
- احسان عزیزی، احسان؛ آرشپور، علیرضا؛ رئیسی دزکی، لیلا (1401). تحلیل کارایی اصل مسئولیت مشترک اما متفاوت در نظام حقوقی بینالمللی تغییر اقلیم. فصلنامۀ مطالعات حقوق عمومی، 52 (4)، 1905-1925.
- امینی، اعظم؛ دریادل، احسان (1398). سازوکارهای نظارت بر رعایت تعهدات و اجرا در موافقتنامۀ پاریس. مجلۀ حقوقی بینالمللی، 36 (60)، 103-135.
- عرب اسدی، شیما (1399). نگرانی از تغییر اقلیم و همکاری ناگزیر بینالمللی. فصلنامۀ مطالعات حقوق عمومی، 50 (3)، 987-1005.
- ----------- (1401). ضرر و زیان و مسئولیت بینالمللی در چارچوب نظام حقوقی تغییر اقلیم. فصلنامۀ مطالعات حقوق عمومی، 52 (2)، 877-900.
- 2. انگلیسی
- A) Books
- Bosselmann, K. (2016). The Principle of Sustainability: Transforming Law and Governance. Routledge.
- B) Articles
- Francesco, V. (2023). Managing the distributional effects of climate policies: A narrow path to a just transition. Ecological Economics, 205, 2-21.
- Green, F., & Gambhir, A. (2020). Transitional assistance policies for just, equitable and smooth low-carbon transitions: who, what and how? Climate Policy, 20 (8), 908–921.
- Heffron R. J., & McCauley, D. (2018). What is the ‘Just Transition’?, Geoforum, (88), 74-77
- Heffron, R. J. , & McCauley, D. (2022). The ‘just transition’ threat to our Energy and Climate 2030 targets, Energy Policy, 165, 1-6.
- Johansson, V. (2023). Just Transition as an Evolving Concept in International Climate Law. Journal of Environmental Law, (35) (2), 229–249.
- Park, Stephen, B. (2023). Norman , Climate Change and a Just Transition to the Future of Work. American Business Law Journal, 60 (4), 701-748.
- Pfadt-Trilling, A. R., & Fortier, M. P. (2021). Greenwashed energy transitions: Are US cities accounting for the life cycle greenhouse gas emissions of energy resources in climate action plans?. Energy and Climate Change, (2), 1-15.
- Rosemberg, A. (2010). Building a Just Transition: The linkages between climate change and employment, International Journal of Labour Research, 2(2), 125–162.
- Wang, X., & Lo, K. (2021). Just transition: A conceptual review. Energy Research & Social Science, 82, 1-16.
- Zhang, Ying and WANG, M. (2018). Climate Change Actions and Just Transition. Chinese Journal of Urban and Environmental Studies, 6 (4), 1-11.
- C) Reports and Researches
- (2018). G20 Issue Brief: Just Transition.” http://www.climatenetwork.org/sites/default/files/ can g20 brief 2018 just transition 1.pdf (last accessed, 20 September 2024)
- Chan, Tiffanie; Wang, Jodi-Ann and Higham, Catherine (2024). Mapping justice in national climate action: a global overview of just transition policies, the Grantham Research Institute on Climate Change and the Environment.
- European Council (2018). The Charlevoix G7 Summit Communique. Available at: https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/press/press-releases/2018/06/09/the-charlevoix-g7-summit-communique/#:~:text=We%2C%20the%20Leaders%20of%20the,a%20rules%2Dbased%20international%20order. (last accessed, 20 September 2024).
- IEEP (2024). The Institute for European Environmental Policy, - Policy brief Just transition: aligning climate and environmental action with social equity and well-being.
- ILO (2015). ILO Just Transition Guidelines.
- ILO (2018). Greening with Jobs – World Employment Social Outlook.
- IPCC (2022). Sixth Assessment Report, Climate Change: Mitigation of Climate Change (Working Group III)
- ITUC (2010). Resolution on Combating Climate Change through Sustainable Development and Just Transition, Presented at the 2nd ITUC World Congress, Vancouver.
- Robins, Nick; Brunsting, Vonda and Wood, David (2018). Climate change and the just transition A guide for investor action, the Grantham Research Institute on Climate Change and the Environment.
- UK (2021). ‘Supporting the conditions for a just transition internationally’ adopted 4 November 2021 at the COP 26 in Glasgow, UK ‘Supporting the conditions for a just transition internationally’ adopted 4 November 2021 at the COP 26 in Glasgow, UK
- UNDP (2022). How Just Transition Can Help Deliver the Paris Agreement.
- UNEP (2017). United Nations Environment Programme, 2017. “The Emission Gap Report 2017: Synthesis Report, No. DEW/2136/PA.
- UNFCCC (2010). ‘Decision 1/CP.16, The Cancun Agreements: Outcome of the work of the Ad Hoc Working Group on Longterm Cooperative Action under the Convention’ , 2010, UN Doc FCCC/CP/2010/7/Add.1 section I.
- UNFCCC (2011). Decision 2/CP.17, Outcome of the work of the Ad Hoc Working Group on Long-term Cooperative Action under the Convention’ (15 March 2012) UN Doc FCCC/CP/2011/9/Add.1.
- UNFCCC (2016). Just Transition of the Workforce, and the Creation of Decent Work and Quality Jobs, Technical Paper FCCC/TP/2016/7.
- UNFCCC (2021). ‘Decision 1/CP.26, Glasgow Climate Pact’, 2021, UN Doc FCCC/CP/2021/12/Add.
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