دانشکده حقوق و علوم سیاسی دانشگاه تهران

نویسندگان

1 استاد گروه حقوق عمومی دانشکدة حقوق و علوم سیاسی دانشگاه تهران

2 استادیار گروه حقوق دانشگاه اصفهان

چکیده

اصل جلوگیری از خسارات زیست محیطی به‌لحاظ منافع اقتصادی و هم‌چنین از جنبه‌های اکولوژیک قاعده‌ای طلایی محسوب می‌شود. بنا به دلایل فنی و حقوقی پیشِ رو، برقراری رابطۀ سببیت بین عمل زیانبار با صدمات وارد شده به محیط زیست با مشکلاتی همراه است و از طرف دیگر، به لحاظ ماهیت خاص محیط زیست جبران آسیب‌های وارد شده به آن غالباً غیرممکن و در صورت امکان مستلزم هزینه‌های گزاف و صرف زمانِ طولانی است. با عنایت به همین موارد، به‌کارگیری اصول نو محیط زیستی و از جمله اصل احتیاطی برای حفظ و حمایت از محیط زیست و مآلاً تقویت رویۀ بازدارندگی از اهمیت محوری برخوردار شده است. در این مقاله سعی بر آن است تا با پرداختن به این اصل، به تبیین موقعیت و جایگاه آن در حقوق بین‌الملل محیط زیست پرداخته شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

The “Principle of Prevention” in international environmental law

نویسندگان [English]

  • Seyed Fazllolah Mousavi 1
  • Alireza Arashpour 2

1 Professor, Public and International Law Department, Faculty of Law and Political Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

2 Assistant Professor, Faculty of Law and Political Sciences, Isfahan University, Isfahan, Iran

چکیده [English]

The “principle of prevention” in respect of economic benefit and ecological aspect is a golden rule. The reasons for this are as follows: 1. because of legal and technological reasons, establishing a relationship between the harmful act with damages to the environment is so difficult, 2. due to special nature of the environment, the compensation for such damages is often impossible, and in case of possibility, it would require exorbitant cost as well as  long period of time. By considering the above facts, deployment of new environmental principles, especially ‘The precautionary principle’ for protecting the environment and strengthening deterrence policy has gained a  central importance. In this paper, an attempt has been made to explain this principle from different dimensions and its position in international environmental law.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • environmental harm
  • international environmental law
  • Precautionary Principle
  • Prevention
  • principle 15 of the Rio Declaration
1-       کیس، الکساندر، 1379، حقوق محیط زیست، مترجم محمدحسن حبیبی، جلد اول، انتشارات دانشگاه تهران.
2-       گروه صلح کرسی حقوق سبز، صلح و دموکراسی یونسکو، 1389، "حقوق زیست محیطی بشر"، تهران، نشر دادگستر
3-       وکل، فیلیپ، 1387، "همسویی حقوق معاهدات و مسئولیت بین‌الملل در پرتو رأی 25 سپتامبر دیوان بین‌الملل دادگستری"، مترجم سید علی هنجنی، مجلۀ تحقیقات حقوقی، شمارۀ 25و26، ص183تا229
 
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