نویسندگان
1 دانشیار گروه حقوق دانشگاه اصفهان
2 دانشجوی دکتری حقوق بینالملل، دانشگاه نانت، فرانسه
چکیده
تاریخ توسعۀ حقوق بینالملل فضا نشان میدهد که در زمان انعقاد پنج معاهدة اصلی در زمینة حقوق فضا، مسائلی مانند استفادة صلحآمیز و بهرهبرداری از فضا و مسئولیت دولتها در قبال فعالیتهای فضایی، مباحث غالب و اساسی در این زمینه بوده و حفظ محیط فضا امری فرعی و ثانوی تلقی شده است. با این حال، اکنون کشورها به این نتیجه رسیدهاند که حفظ فضا برای ادامة فعالیتهای فضایی امری ضروری است. هر گونه بهرهبرداری و استفاده از فضا و هر گونه توسعه و پیشرفتی که با استفاده از فضا و فناوریهای فضایی حاصل میشود، باید بهصورت کاملاً متعادل، به دور از هر گونه افراط و با در نظر گرفتن این مسئله باشد که آیندگان نیز از حق استفاده و بهرهمند شدن از این محیط برخوردارند. استفادة نسل حاضر نباید بهگونهای باشد که به آلودگی جبرانناپذیر محیط فضا و در نتیجه مشکل شدن امکان بهرهمندی از آن یا بلااستفاده شدن آن بینجامد. برای جلوگیری مؤثر از آلودگی ناشی از پسماندهای فضایی و منابع نیروی هستهای در محیط ماورای جو، راهکارهای مختلفی وجود دارد که از جمله میتوان از تهیۀکنوانسیون چارچوب و در صورت لزوم پروتکلهای الحاقی، استفاده از اصول زیستمحیطی همچون توسعۀ پایدار و در نهایت تأسیس آژانس فضایی بینالمللی نام برد.
کلیدواژهها
عنوان مقاله [English]
International space law and the necessity of protection of the environment of the outer space
نویسندگان [English]
- Mahmoud Jalali 1
- Ali Aghahosseini 2
1 Associate Professor, Law Department, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
2 PhD Student of International Law, University of Nantes, France
چکیده [English]
History of the development of International Space Law demonstrates that when the five major Space treaties were concluded, Issues such as peaceful use of Space and State responsibility for Space activities were predominant topics while protection of the Space environment was considered merely as a marginal issue. However, States have nowadays come to the conclusion that protection of Space is essential for sustainable Space activities. Any exploration and use of Space as well as any development and advancement achieved by Space technology, must be in an equitable manner free from excessiveness. In addition, the fact that future generations, too, have the right to enjoy the Space Environment should be taken into consideration. Use of Space by current generation should not cause unrepairable damage to the Space Environment making its use impossible. To efficiently prevent pollution arising from space debris and of nuclear power sources in Outer Space, different strategies including creation of a framework convention together with additional protocols, resort to environmental principles such as sustainable development and finally establishment of an International Space Agency, must be taken into account.
کلیدواژهها [English]
- Common Heritage of Mankind
- international space law
- outer space
- space debris
- the space environment
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