دانشکده حقوق و علوم سیاسی دانشگاه تهران

نویسنده

استادیار و مدیر گروه حقوق عمومی دانشکدة حقوق دانشگاه امام صادق(ع)

چکیده

مردم فلسطین طی بیش از نیم قرن گذشته از حق تعیین سرنوشت خود محروم بوده‌اند و تحت اشغال نظامی در اسفناکترین وضعیت انسانی زندگی می‌کنند. هیچ‌یک از تلاش‌های به‌عمل‌آمده در جهت استقلال و آزادی مردم فلسطین نتیجه‌ نداشته است. به‌رغم آنکه کشورهای غربی مقاومت و مبارزات این مردم را اقدامات تروریستی تلقی می‌کنند، اسناد مختلف بین‌المللی، اعم از اسناد حقوق بشری و قطعنامه‌های مجمع عمومی ملل متحد، حق تعیین سرنوشت را در بعد خارجی آن، یعنی حق استقلال و تشکیل دولت در مورد ملل تحت استعمار و سلطة بیگانه، به‌ویژه ملت فلسطین، به رسمیت شناخته‌اند. در نتیجه حق این مردم در مقاومت و مبارزه با همة ابزارها و شیوه‌های ضروری برای کسب استقلال، مطابق اصول منشور ملل متحد، مشروع است. به‌علاوه، با توجه به اینکه حق تعیین سرنوشت امروزه حقی عام‌الشمول (ارگاامنس) و حتی در زمرة قواعد آمره است، مبارزات مردم فلسطین طبق اصول حقوق بین‌الملل نه‌تنها مشروعیت دارد، بلکه کمک‌های معنوی و مادی کشورهای دیگر به این مبارزات در اسناد متعدد بین‌المللی تجویز شده و حتی کشورهای دیگر از اواخر دهة 60 میلادی به ارائة کمک‌های معنوی و مادی به مردمان این سرزمین ترغیب شده‌اند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Resistance of palestinians based on the Right to self-determination and the Obligations of International Community in this regard

نویسنده [English]

  • Tavakol Habibzadeh

Assistant Professor and Director of Public law Department, Faculty of Law, Imam Sadiq University, Tehran, Iran

چکیده [English]

Deprived of their right to self-determination, Palestinians have lived under military occupation in the most deplorable inhuman conditions for over half a century. None of the peaceful efforts with respect to achieving independence and liberty for the Palestinian people has been successful in the past. Despite how the nature of their resistance is viewed by a number of Western countries, international instruments including Human Rights documents and Resolutions of the UN General Assembly, have recognized the right to self-determination as the right to independence and the right of establishment of a State by populations under colonization and foreign occupation in a general sense, as well as acknowledged these rights for the people of Palestine in particular. As a result, these instruments have legitimized the right of these populations to resist, using all necessary means and methods in accordance with principles of the UN Charter, in order to attain independence. Since the right to self-determination is considered erga omnes as well as jus cogens, not only the resistance of the people of Palestine is lawful and legitimate, but the moral support and material aid of other States are authorized in international instruments.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • International Community
  • right to resistance
  • Right to Self-Determination
  • Palestine
  • United Nations
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    ج) اسناد بین‌المللی و منطقه‌ای

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    A/RES/181(II) of 29 November 1947, http://www.un.org/documents/ga/res/2/ares2.htm.

    A/RES/2105 (XX), 20 December 1965.

    A/RES/2533 (XXIV), 10 December 1969.

    A/RES/2625 (XXV), 24 October 1970, available at: http://www.un.documents.net/ a25r2625.htm.

    A/RES/2625 (XXV), 24 October 1970, Declaration on Principles of International Law Concerning Friendly Relations and Cooperation among States in Accordance with the Charter of the United Nations, , available at: www.un.org/documents/ga/res/25/ares25.htm

    A/RES/2708, 14 December 1970.

    A/RES/2787 (XXVI), 6 December 1971.

    A/RES/2936 (XXVII), 13 December 1972.

    A/RES/3070 (), 30 November 1973.

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    A/RES/3236 (XXIX), 22 November 1974.

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    A/RES/3314 (XXIX), 1974.

    A/RES/35/1227 (C), December 1980.

    A/RES/39/146 (B), 14 December 1989.

    A/RES/43/177, 15 December 1988.

    A/RES/52/250, 13 July 1998, “Participation of Palestine in the work of the United Nations”.

    A/RES/6649, 30 November 1970.

    A/RES/69/165, 18 Dec. 2014 , available at: http://www.un.org/fr/ga/69/resolutions.shtml.

    A/RES/69/241, 19 Dec. 2014, available at: http://www.un.org/fr/ga/69/resolutions.shtml.

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    A/RES/ES-7/4, 19 August 1989.

    African (banjul) Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights, 27 June 1981, OAU Doc. CAB/LEG/67/3 rev. 5, 21 I.L.M. 58 (1982), entered into force 21 October 1986, available at: http://www.achpr.org/files/instruments/achpr/banjul_charter.pdf

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    ECOSOC/Res/1978 (LIX), 31 July 1975.

    Human Rights Committee, General Comment 12 (1994), Article 1 (Twenty-first session, 1984), Compilation of General Comments and General Recommendations Adopted by Human Rights Treaty Bodies, U.N. Doc. HRI/GEN/1/Rev.1 at 12.

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