نویسندگان
1 استاد دانشکدة حقوق و علوم سیاسی دانشگاه تهران
2 دانش آموخته دکتری حقوق بین‌الملل دانشگاه شهید بهشتی
چکیده
در حقوق بین‌الملل، مانند حقوق داخلی، احترام و حمایت از حقوق بشر در صورتی مؤثر است که سیستم‌های قانونی دادخواهیِ مؤثر جهت تضمین حق وجود داشته باشند. زمانی که این حق نقض می‌شود، دسترسی به سیستم دادخواهی برای شخص زیان‌دیده بسیار بنیادی خواهد بود. هرچند در کنوانسیون اروپایی حقوق بشر به مواردی از دادرسی عادلانه اشاره شده است، به حق بر دادرسی، به مفهوم حق بر طرح دعوا، به‌صراحت اشاره نشده است. لیکن رویة قضایی این موضوع را گسترش داده و حق بر دادرسی را نه‌تنها شامل برخورداری شخص از سیستمی عادلانه و مؤثر، بلکه آن را شامل طرح دعوا نیز می‌داند. با این حال، این حق مطلق نیست و در مواردی می‌توان محدودیت‌هایی بر آن وارد کرد؛ مشروط بر آنکه این محدودیت‌ها متناسب و دارای هدف مشروع باشد و حق خواهان را بر دسترسی به محاکم قضایی به طور کلی زایل نسازد. این نوشتار درصدد بررسی موردی قضایای مطروحه در دیوان اروپایی حقوق بشر است.
کلیدواژه‌ها
عنوان مقاله [English]
The right of access to Justice in the European convention on Human Rights
نویسندگان [English]
- Jamshid Momtaz 1
- Sirous Motevassel 2
1 Professor, Faculty of Law and Political Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
2 PhD in International Law, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]
As in the case of national law, respect and protection of Human Rights is only effective if the executive legal systems can ensure access to an effective remedy. When such right is violated, access to the justice system is essential for the victim. Although the European Convention on Human Rights refers to some aspects of a Fair Hearing, there is no clear reference to the right of hearing within the concept of access to an effective remedy or the right to proceedings. The jurisprudence has broadened the scope of the mentioned subject matter beyond just the right to a fair and effective process system to the right to proceedings. However, provided that the restriction is subject to a legitimate purpose, the principle of proportionality is awarded and that the limitation has no effect on the nature of the stated right, the right of access to justice has proven not to be absolute in some instances.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
- Access to justice
- European Convention on Human Rights
- human rights
- legitimate purposes
- Margin of appreciation
- FRA -European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights, Access to justice in Europe: an overview of challenges and opportunities (2011). Luxembourg, Publications Office of the European Union. Available at: http://fra.europa.eu/en/publication/2011/access-justice-europe-overview-challenges-and-opportunities.
- Francioni, Francesco (15 Dec. 2007). Access to Justice as a Human Right (Collected Courses of the Academy of European Law, Oxford University Press, USA.
- Harris, O'Boyle and Warbrick (24 July 2014). Law of the European Convention on Human Rights,Oxford University Press.
- Nedjati, Zaim M. (1978). Human Rights under the European Convention, Elsevier Science Ltd; First Edition edition, Amesterdam, Netherlands.
- Reid, Karen (2011). A Practitioner's Guide to the European Convention on Human Rights, Sweet & Maxwell, London, UK.
- Simor, Jessica (Oct 2015). Human Rights Practice,Sweet & Maxwell, London, UK.
- Van Dijk, Piete (1998). Fundamental Rights and principles, Intersentia, Belgium.
- Van Dijk, Pieter, Godefridus, J. H. Hoof, G. J. H. Van Hoof (1998). Theory and Practice of European Convention on Human Rights, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers.
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