دانشکده حقوق و علوم سیاسی دانشگاه تهران

نویسندگان

1 دانش‌آموختۀ دکتری حقوق بین‌الملل عمومی، گروه حقوق عمومی و بین‌الملل، دانشکدۀ حقوق و علوم سیاسی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران

2 استاد دانشکدۀ حقوق و علوم سیاسی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران

چکیده

امروزه حقوق بشر توجه عمیقی به موضوع حمایت از افراد آسیب‌دیده از حوادث طبیعی دارد، زیرا این قبیل حوادث همه‌ساله در گوشه و کنار جهان رخ می‌دهند و خسارات مالی و جانی زیادی را با خود همراه دارند. با این حال، این موضوع به بحثی چالش‌برانگیز در روابط میان دولت‌ها، افراد، سازمان‌های بین‌المللی امدادرسان و دولت‌های آسیب‌دیده بدل شده و این سؤال را نیز مطرح کرده است که ماهیت حمایت از افراد در برابر حوادث طبیعی چیست و اگر چنین حمایتی ادا‌کردن حقی بشری است، آیا ادای این حق فقط باید از دولت حاکم خواسته شود، یا اینکه مستقیماً از جامعۀ بین‌المللی و به طور اخص از سازمان‌های بین‌المللی امدادرسان نیز قابل مطالبه است؟ براساس نتایج، دولت آسیب‌دیده وظیفۀ اصلی حمایت از آسیب‌دیدگان از حوادث طبیعی را به دوش دارد و البته در صورت ناتوانی یا تمایل‌نداشتن دولت حاکم به امدادرسانی مؤثر و نقض حقوق بنیادین آسیب‌دیدگان، جامعۀ بین‌المللی نیز وظیفه دارد از مجاری سازمان‌های بین‌المللی امدادرسان، به حمایت از آنان اهتمام ورزد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Relations between Governments and Individuals as Well as the Relations between International Relief Organizations and Affected States in Natural Disasters

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mousa Pasha-Bonyad 1
  • Nasrin Mosaffa 2

1 Ph.D. in International Public Law, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran

2 Associate Professor, Department of International Relations, Faculty of Law and Political Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

چکیده [English]

Nowadays Human Rights pays a great deal of attention to protection of people affected by natural disasters, because such incidents occur every year around the world and with them comes a lot of human and financial losses. Nevertheless, this issue raises many questions regarding the relations between governments and individuals, as well as relations of international relief organizations with affected states. The question we are trying to answer in this contribution, is that what is the nature of the protection of people against natural disasters, and if such protection is a fulfillment of human rights, should it only be asked from the government, or that it can also be a demand from the international community, and in particular from international relief organizations? Based on the studies, the affected state has the main obligation to protect the victims of natural disasters, and in case the state is unable to or unwilling to give an effective relief and a violation to the fundamental rights of victims occurs, then the international community will be responsible to protect them, via international relief organizations.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Natural disasters
  • Affected State
  • Relief
  • International relief organizations
  • Humanitarian Assistance
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