نویسندگان
1 دانشجوی دکتری حقوق بین‌الملل، دانشکدۀ حقوق و علوم سیاسی، دانشگاه علامه طباطبائی، تهران، ایران
2 دانشیار، گروه حقوق عمومی و بین‌الملل، دانشکدۀ حقوق و علوم سیاسی، دانشگاه علامه طباطبائی، تهران، ایران
چکیده
از مهم‌ترین ویژگی‌های حقوق حاکم بر روابط شغلی کارکنان سازمان‌های بین‌المللی، حمایتی بودن آن است. حمایت شغلی از کارکنان در مواردی چون حمایت از آنها در مقابل نفوذ، دخالت یا اعمال خودسرانۀ دولت‌ها یا حتی سازمان‌های بین‌المللی متبوع آنها صورت می‌پذیرد. حمایت شغلی از کارکنان سازمان‌های بین‌المللی در موضوعات مربوط به مصونیت‌ها یا جبران خسارات وارده به آنها در حوزۀ حقوق و تکالیف سازمانی آنها متبلور است. حق اعمال حمایت شغلی توسط سازمان بین‌المللی در مقابل آسیب‌های وارده به کارکنانش به رسمیت شناخته شده است. از سوی دیگر، دولت متبوع کارمند آسیب‌دیدۀ سازمان نیز می‌تواند از تبعۀ خود حمایت دیپلماتیک نماید. حمایت شغلی به‌وسیلۀ سازمان، مانع اعمال حمایت دیپلماتیک توسط دولت متبوع فرد نیست یا برتری ذاتی نسبت به آن ندارد. بنابراین ممکن است بین آنها همزمانی به‌وجود بیاید که باید در هر مورد خاص به‌وسیلۀ توافقنامه حل شود و در چنین شرایطی هیچ‌یک از این دو نوع حمایت در زمان واحد بر دیگری رجحان ندارد.
کلیدواژه‌ها
عنوان مقاله [English]
The Relation between Functional Protection for Staff in International Organization and Diplomatic Protection of Nationals
نویسندگان [English]
- Habibollah Kiani 1
- Seyed Ghasem Zamani 2
1 Ph.D. Student in International Law, Faculty of Law and Political Science, University of Allameh Tabataba'i, Tehran, Iran
2 Associate Prof., Department of Public and International Law, Faculty of Law and Political Science, University of Allameh Tabataba'i, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]
One of the most important features of the law governing the work relationships of international organization staff is its protective character. Functional protection for staff in cases such as protecting staff from interference, arbitrary actions of governments or even their international organizations or influence, as well as providing functional protection to staff of international organizations in matters relating to immunities or compensation for damages. They are crystallized in their area of rights and organizational duties.
In the case of damage done to the staff of international organizations, the right to exercise Functional protection with organization for staff is recognized, and, on the other hand, the state of the affected employee of the organization can exercise diplomatic protection for his or her nationals. Functional protection by the organization is not a barrier to diplomatic protection, or inherent superiority over the diplomatic protection of a state to support an employee who is a national of his own. So there may be a synchronization between them, which must be resolved in any particular case by an agreement, in which case none of these two types of protection is superior to another at a single time.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
- Functional protection
- international organization staff
- diplomatic protection
- International Court of Justice
- Reparation
. فارسی
- زمانی، سید قاسم (1388). حقوق سازمان‌های بین‌المللی شخصیت، مسئولیت، مصونیت، تهران: مؤسسۀ مطالعات و پژوهش‌های حقوقی شهر دانش.
2. انگلیسی
A)Books
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- ICJ Reports , , 1955, Nottebohm Case.
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- PCIJ Series A No. 17, 1928, Chorzów Factory Case.
- PCIJ Series A No. 20, 1929.
- PCIJ Series A/B No. 76, 1938, Panavezys--Saldutiskis Railway Case.
- PCIJ Series, 1949, Reparation for Injuries Suffered in the Service of the United Nations, Advisory Opinion.
- Special Rapporteur, 2004, Fifth report on diplomatic protection, by Mr. John Dugard.
- UNRIAA , 1923, Administrative Decision No. II (US v. Germany).
- UNRIAA , 1924, (US v. Germany).
- UNRIAA, 1931, the Dickson Car Wheel Co.Claim(US v. Mexico).
- UNRIAA , 1934, the Finnish Ships Arbitration (Finland v. Great Britain).
- UNRIAA,1923, the Spanish Zone of Morocco Case (Great Britain v. Spain).
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