دانشکده حقوق و علوم سیاسی دانشگاه تهران

نوع مقاله : علمی-پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار گروه حقوق عمومی‌ دانشکدۀ حقوق و علوم سیاسی دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران

2 استاد گروه حقوق عمومی ‌دانشکدۀ حقوق و علوم سیاسی دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران

3 دانشجوی دکتری حقوق بین‌الملل دانشکدۀ حقوق و علوم سیاسی دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران

چکیده

تنوع زیستی، منبع حیات بشر بر روی کرة زمین و مشتمل بر گیاهان و حیوانات و دیگر ارگانیسم‌هایی است که در آب، زمین و هوا زیست می‌کنند و با هم ارتباط دارند. اقیانوس‌ها دربردارندة بیشترین تنوع زیستی در سطح زمین هستند. در عین حال که پیشرفت فناوری فرصت‌های بیشتری را برای بهره‌برداری از منابع طبیعی اقیانوس‌ها فراهم می‌کند، تهدیدات تنوع زیستی نیز افزایش می‌یابد. این در حالی است که بخش اعظم اقیانوس‌ها در مناطق خارج از صلاحیت ملی، در معنی دریای آزاد و منطقۀ بستر بین‌المللی دریاها، قرار گرفته‌اند که تحت حاکمیت یا صلاحیت هیچ دولتی نیستند. به‌دلیل اهمیت تنوع زیستی دریایی در مناطق خارج از صلاحیت ملی و بهره‌برداری روزافزون از منابع آن، اهتمام جامعۀ جهانی دربارۀ حفاظت از تنوع زیستی این مناطق افزایش یافته است. خلأهای موجود در نظام حقوقی مناطق دریایی خارج از صلاحیت ملی، ضرورت اقدام مؤثر در حفاظت از محیط زیست دریایی در این مناطق را دوچندان می‌کند. در این مقاله سعی شده است تا نظم حقوقی کنونی تنوع زیستی دریایی در مناطق خارج از حوزة صلاحیت ملی و خلأهای آن واکاوی شده و انعقاد موافقت‌نامة اجرایی جدید طبق کنوانسیون حقوق دریاها در این خصوص ارزیابی شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Conservation of Marine Biological Diversity in Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction

نویسندگان [English]

  • Sasan Seyrafi 1
  • Seyed Fazlollah Mousavi 2
  • Kosar Firouzpour 3

1 Assistant Prof, Department of Public Law, Faculty of Law and Political Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

2 Prof., Department of Public Law, Faculty of Law and Political Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

3 Ph.D. Student in International Law, Faculty of Law and Political Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

چکیده [English]

Biodiversity is the source of human life on Earth and consist of microorganisms, plants, and animal living on land, in water and air, interacting with each other. The oceans contain most of the biodiversity on the planet but our knowledge and conservation of this habitat and its species is scarce. As technology progress advances more opportunities to access resources beyond national jurisdiction, threats to biodiversity are also increasing. Concerns about the protection of biodiversity in the international community have increased due to the importance of biodiversity, overuse of oceanic ecosystem services and the over-exploitation of oceans. The vacuum existing in legal system and implementing existing frameworks in areas beyond national jurisdiction doubles the necessity of effective acts for conservation of marine environment in these areas. UN General Assembly Resolution 292/69 on June 19th 2015 is a historic step in the creation of the Third Implementing Agreement to the Convention of the law of the sea and a response to the existing vacuum in international framework.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Marine Biodiversity
  • Areas beyond national jurisdiction
  • Law of the Sea Convention
  • Convention on Biological Diversity
  • Agreement on Conservation and Sustainable Use of Marine Biological Diversity
1. فارسی
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