دانشکده حقوق و علوم سیاسی دانشگاه تهران

نوع مقاله : علمی-پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار، گروه حقوق، دانشکدۀ علوم انسانی، دانشگاه بجنورد، بجنورد، ایران

2 استادیار، گروه حقوق عمومی، دانشکدۀ حقوق، دانشگاه تهران، پردیس فارابی، قم، ایران

چکیده

استفاده از قرنطینه برای کنترل بیمار‌ی‌های همه‌گیر همیشه بحث‌برانگیز بوده است، زیرا چنین راهکاری چالش‌های سیاسی، اخلاقی، اقتصادی و حقوقی را مطرح می‌کند و مستلزم توازن دقیق بین منافع عمومی و حقوق فردی و بحث در خصوص گستره و مبانی دخالت دولت در حوزۀ بهداشت عمومی است. تعیین سنجه‌های دقیق به‌منظور کاربست این روش ضروری است. نظام‌های حقوقی کشورها در چارچوب قوانین اساسی و قوانین و مقررات عادی زمینۀ اعمال قرنطینه برای مقابله با شیوع بیماری‌های واگیردار را فراهم ساخته‌ است. در ایران هرچند قانونی خاص برای موضوع قرنطینه نداریم، ولی می‌توان از اصل 79 قانون اساسی برای مشروعیت‌سازی آن استفاده کرد. همچنین با توجه به ظهور بیماری‌های نوپدید وضع قانونی معین در این زمینه لازم می‌نماید؛ قانونی جامع که متضمن موارد اعمال قرنطینه، نحوۀ اجرای آن، مقامات مسئول، حدود و ثغور، ضمانت نقض و نحوۀ جبران آثار حاصل از آن باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Quarantine for the Control of Communicable Diseases with a Look at the Iranian Legal System

نویسندگان [English]

  • Zahra Ameri 1
  • Seyed Ahmad Habibnezhad 2

1 Prof. Department of Law, Faculty of Humanities, University of Bojnord, Bojnord, Iran

2 Prof. Department of Public Law, Faculty of Law, University of Tehran, Farabi Campus, Qom, Iran

چکیده [English]

The use of quarantine to control communicable diseases has always been controversial because such strategy raises political, moral, economic and legal challenges and requires a precise balance between public interest and individual rights and discussion on the scope and foundations of government involvement in the field of public health. It is necessary to determine precise measurements in order to apply this method. The legal systems of the countries within the framework of the constitutions and the ordinary laws and regulations have provided the quarantine for the prevention of the communicable diseases. Although we do not have a specific law on quarantine in Iran, the principle 79 of the Constitution can be used to legitimize it. Also, given the emergence of emerging diseases, there is a need for a specific legal framework, including a comprehensive quarantine law which contains regulation about how to enforce it, how it will be implemented, the authorities in charge, the extent of the quarantine, guarantee of breach, and how to recover the effects thereof.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Communicable Disease
  • Rights and Freedoms
  • Public Health
  • Quarantine
  • Emergency Situation
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