نوع مقاله : علمی-پژوهشی
نویسنده
دانشآموخته دکتری حقوق بینالملل، دانشکده حقوق و علوم سیاسی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران
چکیده
با آغاز دهة ۱۹۹۰ میلادی روند انعقاد معاهدات دوجانبة سرمایهگذاری بهمنظور توسعة سرمایهگذاری خارجی و حمایت از سرمایهگذاران خارجی میان کشورها بهشدت رو به افزایش نهاد که این معاهدات اغلب داوری را بهعنوان روش حلوفصل اختلاف برگزیدهاند. اما عبارات مندرج در این معاهدات همیشه از شفافیت کافی برخوردار نیستند. ازاینرو داوران برای رسیدگی به اختلاف ناچار دست به تفسیر عبارات مندرج در معاهده میزنند. «تناسب» از سوی برخی از دیوانهای داوری سرمایهگذاری برای برقراری توازن میان منافع متعارض کشورهای سرمایهپذیر و سرمایهگذاران خارجی مورد استناد قرار گرفته است. برخی صاحبنظران مبنای استناد به معیار تناسب از سوی دیوانهای داوری سرمایهگذاری را مورد تردید قرار دادهاند. در این نوشتار ماهیت «تناسب» بهعنوان یک اصل کلی حقوقی که در نظامهای حقوقی داخلی ریشه دارد و بهنحو مطلوبی به بخشهای مختلف نظام حقوق بینالملل انتقال یافته است، احراز میشود و بر این اساس استناد به آن، بهعنوان معیاری کاربردی، بهمنظور تفسیر معاهدات سرمایهگذاری طبق قاعدة تفسیر مندرج در مادة ۳۱ کنوانسیون ۱۹۶۹ حقوق معاهدات توجیه میشود.
کلیدواژهها
عنوان مقاله [English]
The Proportionality Standard in the Settlement of Investor-State Disputes
نویسنده [English]
- Amineh Farasatmand
Ph.D. in International Law, Faculty of Law and Political Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]
With the beginning of the 1990s, the process of concluding bilateral investment treaties to develop foreign investment and support foreign investors increased dramatically. These treaties often chose arbitration as their dispute settlement method. Yet, the dispute-settlement provisions of the bilateral investment treaties are not always clear enough. Therefore, in order to settle the dispute arbitrators need to interpret the treaty provisions. The proportionality standard has been applied by some investment arbitral tribunals in order to make a balance between conflicting interests of host states and investors. Even so, some scholars have challenged the basis of the proportionality standard. In the present article the concept and characteristics of proportionality as a general principle of law - which has its roots in domestic legal systems and has been transferred to international law- will be examined. Accordingly, the application of proportionality for the interpretation of investment treaties under Article 31 of the 1969 Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties will be justified.
کلیدواژهها [English]
- principle of proportionality
- general principles of law
- interpretation of investment treaties
- international investment law
- investment arbitration
- فارسی
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