دانشکده حقوق و علوم سیاسی دانشگاه تهران

نوع مقاله : علمی-پژوهشی

نویسنده

دانشیار، گروه حقوق بشر، دانشکدة حقوق، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران

چکیده

مدیریت تعارض منافع یکی از روش­های پیشگیری از فساد، افزایش شفافیت، کارامدی، پاسخگویی و اعتماد عمومی به دولت است. تعارض بین منافع شخصی و منافع عمومی، امری است که عموم کارگزاران دولتی با آن مواجه می‌شوند؛ ازاین‌رو، باید به‌درستی مدیریت شود، وگرنه می‌تواند زمینه‌ساز فساد باشد. کشورهای مختلف، با اتخاذ تدابیر گوناگون، برای تحقق این هدف تلاش کرده‌اند. در نظام حقوقی ایران نیز احکام پراکنده‌ای در این باره وجود دارد، اما این تأسیس حقوقی، به‌طور مستقل شناسایی نشده است. ازاین‌رو، پرسش اصلی پژوهش آن است که عناصر سازندة تعارض منافع در بخش عمومی چیست و وضعیت‌های تعارض منافع چگونه باید مدیریت شود؟ در مقام پاسخ به این پرسش، داشتن مسئولیت عمومی، وجود نفع شخصی برای کارگزار عمومی و تأثیر منفی آن بر خدمات عمومی به‌عنوان عناصر تحقق تعارض منافع شناسایی شدند؛ چگونگی مدیریت آنها در چهار حوزة مهمی که بیشترین آسیب‌پذیری را در برابر تعارض منافع دارند، مطالعه و راهکارهایی برای رفع خلأها یا اصلاح قوانین و مقررات موجود ارائه شد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Managing Conflicts of Interest in the Public Sector

نویسنده [English]

  • Bagher Ansari

Associate Prof., Department of Human Rights, Faculty of Law, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran

چکیده [English]

Managing conflicts of interests is a means for preventing corruption and increasing public transparency, efficiency, accountability and trust. Every government employee may face a conflict of private and public interests. Therefore, conflict of interest in the public sector must be properly managed, otherwise it could lead to corruption. Many countries have adopted laws on the management of conflict of interests but there is no specific law on this matter in the Iranian legal system; although some general laws on combating corruption have made explicit or implicit references to this concept. Nonetheless, in recent times a political will for addressing the problem of conflict of interest situations in the public sector has emerged. In fact, a bill about this issue has been drafted by the Iranian government, and, some general laws such as the Commerce Code have been amended for this purpose. Based on a comparative study, this paper intends to conceptualize conflict of interest management and then to elaborate the main areas of conflict of interest in the public sector and methods by which they can be managed.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • conflict of interests
  • corruption
  • transparency
  • additional employment
  1. فارسی

الف) کتاب‌ها

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ب) مقالات

  1. پارسا، مجتبی؛ لاریجانی، باقر (1388)، «سهم خواری از نظر مفهوم، تاریخچه و کدهای اخلاقی»، ویژه‌نامة مجلة اخلاق و تاریخ پزشکی، زمستان، دوره سوم، شماره، صص 21-28.

 

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