نوع مقاله : علمی-پژوهشی
نویسنده
استادیار بخش حقوق، دانشکدۀ حقوق و الهیات، دانشگاه شهید باهنر، کرمان، ایران
چکیده
پس از اعلام وضعیت همهگیری جهانی کوویدـ19 از سوی سازمان جهانی بهداشت، مشخص شد که یکی از مهمترین عوامل انتقال ویروس یک کشتی تفریحی بوده است. ماهیت خاص ویروس و ساختار ویژة کشتیهای تفریحی مانعی بزرگ پیشروی پیشگیری از انتشار بیماری و مقابله با آن محسوب میشود. با وجود شناسایی حقهای بشری سرنشینان کشتی از جمله حق بر سلامتی، حق حیات و حق بازگشت به خانه در چارچوب حقوقی بینالمللی موجود، رعایت آنها بهشدت تحت تأثیر شرایط خاص بحران همهگیری جهانی قرار گرفته است. هزینههای مربوط به ارائة خدمات پزشکی، پرچم مصلحتی، تعارض صلاحیتهای دولتهای صاحب بندر و ساحلی، اتخاذ رهیافتهای یکجانبهگرایانه از سوی دولتها با هدف اولویتبخشی به سلامت شهروندان و امنیت ملی و نیز نداشتن تمایل برای همکاری در سطح بینالمللی میان مجموعه ذینفعان صنعت کشتیرانی تفریحی بحران انسانی بیسابقهای را بهخصوص کوویدـ19 رقم زده است. با توجه به اینکه همهگیری جهانی کنونی آستانة جدیدی از بحران را تعریف کرده است، هرگونه پاسخگویی و همکاری در سطحی پایینتر از سطح بینالمللی که مبتنی بر عدم همبستگی میان ذینفعان این حوزه باشد، ناکارامد و محکوم به شکست خواهد بود.
کلیدواژهها
عنوان مقاله [English]
The COVID-19 Pandemic, Cruise Ships and International Law
نویسنده [English]
- Negin Shafiei Bafti
Assistant Prof., Department of Law, Faculty of Law and Theology, Shahid Bahonar University, Kerman, Iran
چکیده [English]
Following the characterization of the COVID-19 outbreak as a pandemic by World Health Organization, it was discovered that one of the early sources of the virus spread was a cruise ship. The peculiar nature of the coronavirus and the unique characteristics of cruise ships proved to be a major barrier to disease prevention and control. Due to the current international legal framework, the pandemic left negative impacts on the fundamental human rights of travelers and crews, including right to health, right to life and repatriation. The high costs of medical treatment, flag of convenience, port and coastal state conflict of jurisdiction, the self-centered approach of states to prioritize their citizens’ health and national security, and lack of cooperation between cruise-industry stakeholders caused an unprecedented crisis at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic. The pandemic defined a new threshold for international health crisis, so any future cooperation should be at the international level and based on solidarity between all stakeholders in order to be effective.
کلیدواژهها [English]
- distress
- flag of convenience
- cruise ship
- COVID-19
- international health regulations
- فارسی
الف) کتابها
- سون، لویی بی؛ یوراس، کریستن گوستافسون؛ نویز، جان ای؛ فرانکس، اریک (1390)، حقوق بینالملل دریاها، محمد حبیبی مجنده، چ اول، تهران: جنگل.
ب) مقالات
- بیگزاده، ابراهیم؛ قاری سیدفاطمی، سید محمد؛ محمودی، سید هادی؛ لطیفیان، محمدحسین (1399)، «معضل کرونا در آیینه حقوق بینالملل معاصر»، فصلنامة تحقیقات حقوقی، ویژهنامة حقوق و کرونا، دورة 23، ص 57-11.
- انگلیسی
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