نوع مقاله : علمی-پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 دانشجوی دکتری حقوق بین الملل دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی-واحد کرج، کرج، ایران
2 استادیار دانشکدۀ حقوق و علوم سیاسی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی-واحد کرج، کرج، ایران
چکیده
در دهههای اخیر وقوع مخاصمات مسلحانه تهدیدات جدی برای محیط زیست دریایی ایجاد کرده است؛ جنگ خلیج فارس 91-1990، حملات رژیم اسرائیل به «نیروگاه برق جیه» در سال 2006 و نشت فراوان نفت در خلیج فارس و دریای مدیترانه از خسارات جدی است که در نتیجه مخاصمه بر محیط زیست دریایی تحمیل شده است. ضرورت پیشگیری، کاهش و تحت کنترل درآوردن آلودگی محیط زیست دریایی در نتیجه مخاصمه مسلحانه وظیفهای خطیر برای حقوق بینالملل بشردوستانه است. پژوهش حاضر با هدف تبیین مسائل و چالشهای حقوق بینالملل بشردوستانه درحفاظت از محیط زیست دریایی بهدنبال ارزیابی ابزارهای محافظتی از محیط زیست دریایی در هنگام مخاصمه است. یافتههای این مقاله نشان میدهد که حقوق بینالملل بشردوستانه در حفاظت از محیط زیست دریایی در هنگام مخاصمه با خلاها و شکافهای هنجاری قابل توجهی مواجه است که توانایی و ظرفیت آن را در پاسداری و حفاظت از محیط زیست دریایی تحت تاثیر جدی قرار میدهد. اتخاذ تدابیر احتیاطی، بهکارگیری شرط مارتنس، ضرورت بهروزرسانی مقررات مربوطه، تبیین و تعریف دامنه هنجارهای موجود، وضع مقررات جدید ناظر بر مخاصمات مسلحانه در زمینه حفاظت از محیط زیست از جمله پاسخهای مناسب برای مقابله با چالشهای محیط زیست دریایی در هنگام مخاصمه است.
کلیدواژهها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
International Humanitarian Law Challenges in the Protection of the Marine Environment
نویسندگان [English]
- Fatemeh Hosseinpour khoshghalb 1
- Fatemeh Keyhanlou 2
1 Ph.D. Student in International Law, Islamic Azad University, Karaj Branch, Karaj, Iran
2 Assistant Prof. Faculty of Law and Political Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Karaj Branch, Karaj, Iran
چکیده [English]
In recent decades, various armed conflicts have created threats to the marine environment. The Gulf War of 1990-91, the Israeli attacks on The Jiyeh Power Station in 2006, and the massive oil spill in the Persian Gulf and the Mediterranean Sea have all caused serious damage to the marine environment. The need to prevent, reduce and control pollution of the marine environment as a result of armed conflict is an important task for international humanitarian law. The purpose of this study is to explain the challenges faced by international humanitarian law in the protection of the marine environment. The findings of the paper show that international humanitarian law faces significant normative gaps in this field that seriously affect its ability to protect the marine environment. The appropriate responses to maritime environmental challenges during armed conflict include: adoption of precautionary measures, applying the Martens clause, updating pertinent provisions, explaining the scope of existing norms and conclusion of new provisions governing armed conflicts as regards maritime environmental protection.
کلیدواژهها [English]
- international humanitarian law
- marine environment
- armed conflict
- marine pollution
- فارسی
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