نوع مقاله : علمی-پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 استادیار حقوق بین‌الملل دانشکدگان فارابی، دانشگاه تهران، قم، ایران
2 استاد، دانشکدۀ حقوق و علوم سیاسی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران
چکیده
اتحادیۀ اروپا تنها سازمان بین‌المللی است که مسئولیت اعضا و نهادهای خود به سبب ترک فعل را تحت قواعد و مقررات خاص خود قرار داده است. در این زمینه دو نوع دعوای ترک فعل در حقوق اتحادیۀ اروپا در مراجع قضایی این اتحادیه مطرح می‌شود؛ اول دعاوی‌ای که علیه دولت‌های عضو اتحادیه مطرح می‌شود که این دعاوی خود به دو دسته تقسیم می‌شود. دستة اول دعاوی‌ای که کمیسیون اروپایی رأساً علیه دولت‌ها به سبب ترک فعل مطرح می‌کند و دستة دوم دعاوی‌ای که دولت‌های عضو علیه یکدیگر مطرح می‌کنند. نوع دوم از دعاوی ترک فعل علیه نهادهای اتحادیۀ اروپا مطرح می‌شود. در هر دو نوع از این دعاوی خواهان باید مهلتی به دولت یا نهادهای اتحادیه برای اجرای تعهد یا پاسخگویی اعطا کند و در صورت عدم پاسخگویی علیه خوانده طرح دعوا کند. در دعاوی علیه نهادهای اتحادیۀ اروپایی بر خلاف دعاوی ترک فعل علیه دولت‌ها، اشخاص حقیقی و حقوقی نیز حق طرح دعوای ترک فعل علیه نهادهای اتحادیه را دارند. پس از طرح دعوا دیوان دادگستری اروپایی دولت یا نهادی را که مرتکب ترک فعل شده است، به اجرای تعهد ملزم می‌کند.
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
The Responsibility of Members and Institutions of the European Union due to Inaction in the Case Law of the Court of Justice of the European Union
نویسندگان [English]
- Ali Ahadi Karnagh 1
- Abbasali Kadkhodaee 2
1 Assistant Professor of International Law, Farabi School of Law, University of Tehran, Qom, Iran
2 Professor, Public and International Law Department, Faculty of Law and Political Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]
The European Union is the only international organization that has established specific rules and regulations regarding the responsibility of its members and institutions due to inaction. In this context, two types of inaction lawsuits are brought before the judicial authorities of the EU; the first type involves lawsuits against the member states of the Union, which can be further divided into two categories. The first category consists of lawsuits initiated by the European Commission against the states for inaction, while the second category includes lawsuits brought by member states against each other. The second type of inaction lawsuits is directed against the institutions of the European Union. In both types of lawsuits, the claimant must grant a deadline to the state or the Union institutions to fulfill their obligations or respond, and if there is no response, the claimant can file a lawsuit against the defendant. In lawsuits against the institutions of the European Union, unlike inaction lawsuits against the states, both natural and legal persons have the right to file inaction lawsuits against the Union institutions. After the lawsuit is filed, the European Court of Justice obliges the state or institution that has committed the inaction to fulfill its obligations.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
- European Union
- failure to act
- European Commission
- European Court Of Justice
- فارسی
- مقالات
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- انگلیسی
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