دانشکده حقوق و علوم سیاسی دانشگاه تهران

نوع مقاله : علمی-پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری حقوق بین‌الملل دانشکدۀ حقوق و علوم سیاسی دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران

2 استاد، دانشکدۀ حقوق و علوم سیاسی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران

چکیده

اتحادیۀ اروپا تنها سازمان بین‌المللی است که مسئولیت اعضا و نهادهای خود به سبب ترک فعل را تحت قواعد و مقررات خاص خود قرار داده است. در این زمینه دو نوع دعوای ترک فعل در حقوق اتحادیۀ اروپا در مراجع قضایی این اتحادیه مطرح می‌شود؛ اول دعاوی‌ای که علیه دولت‌های عضو اتحادیه مطرح می‌شود که این دعاوی خود به دو دسته تقسیم می‌شود. دستة اول دعاوی‌ای که کمیسیون اروپایی رأساً علیه دولت‌ها به سبب ترک فعل مطرح می‌کند و دستة دوم دعاوی‌ای که دولت‌های عضو علیه یکدیگر مطرح می‌کنند. نوع دوم از دعاوی ترک فعل علیه نهادهای اتحادیۀ اروپا مطرح می‌شود. در هر دو نوع از این دعاوی خواهان باید مهلتی به دولت یا نهادهای اتحادیه برای اجرای تعهد یا پاسخگویی اعطا کند و در صورت عدم پاسخگویی علیه خوانده طرح دعوا کند. در دعاوی علیه نهادهای اتحادیۀ اروپایی بر خلاف دعاوی ترک فعل علیه دولت‌ها، اشخاص حقیقی و حقوقی نیز حق طرح دعوای ترک فعل علیه نهادهای اتحادیه را دارند. پس از طرح دعوا دیوان دادگستری اروپایی دولت یا نهادی را که مرتکب ترک فعل شده است، به اجرای تعهد ملزم می‌کند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Responsibility of EU member states and institutions for failure to act in the ECJ practice

نویسندگان [English]

  • Ali Ahadi Karnagh 1
  • Abbasali Kadkhodaee 2

1 Ph.D. Student in International Law, Faculty of Law and Political Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

2 Professor, Public and International Law Department, Faculty of Law and Political Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

چکیده [English]

The European Union is the only international organization that has placed the international responsibility of its member states and institutions under special rules and regulations for failure to act. In this regard, two categories of claims for failure to act may be submitted to the EU judicial organs. First, claims for failure to act against member states: these claims consist of two types. claims that brought directly by the European Commission against member states and the claims that member states bring about before the EU courts against each other. Second, are claims for failure to act that raises against EU institutions. In both categories of litigation, the plaintiff must give member states or the EU institutions an opportunity to fulfill their obligation or respond, and if they do not respond, then the plaintiff can bring its claim before ECJ. In claims against EU institutions, unlike claims against member states, natural and legal persons also have the right to bring claims against EU institutions. Then the ECJ engages and enforce member states or institution to comply with their obligations.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • European Union
  • failure to act
  • European Commission
  • European Court of Justice
  1. فارسی

- مقالات

  1. عابدینی، عبدالله (1396). رژیم خاص حقوقی اتحادیۀ اروپا: ویژگی‌ها و آثار. مطالعات حقوق عمومی، 47(4)، 957-977.

 

  1. انگلیسی
  2. A) Books
  3. Berry, E., Homewood, M. J., & Bogusz, B. (2019). Complete EU Law. Text, Cases, and Materials, Oxford University Press.
  4. Borchardt, K.-D. (2017). The ABC of EU law. Directorate-General for Communication (European Commission).
  5. Chalmers, D., Davies, G., & Monti, G. (2010). European Union Law: Cases and Materials(2nd ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  6. Cremona, M. (2012). Compliance and the Enforcement of EU Law. Oxford University
  7. Fairhurst, J. (2016). Law of the European Union. Eleventh edition, New York: Pearson.
  8. Guastaferro, B. (2018). Sincere Cooperation and respect for national Identity. In (eds) Oxford Principles of European Union Law, Vol. 1, Schutze, Robert; Tridimas, Takis, Oxford University Press.
  9. Horspool M, Humphreys MJ, & Wells-Greco M. (2012). European Union law. Tenth edition., Oxford University Press, United Kingdom.
  10. Klamert, M. (2014). The principle of Loyalty in EU law, Oxford University
  11. Lenaerts, K., Maselis, I,, Gutman, K., & Tomasz Nowak, J. (2014). EU Procedural Law, Oxford University Press.
  12. Stegmann, P. T. (2019). Responsibility of the EU and the Member States under EU International investment protection agreement. Springer.

 

  1. B) Articles
  2. Patrin, M. (July 7, 2018). The Legal Nature of the Principle of Colegiality: A General Principle of EU Law? CERiM Online Paper No. 11/2018, Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3209863 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3209863

 

  1. C) Documents
  2. Treaty of European Union, 2009.
  3. Treaty of Functioning of European Union, 1958.
  4. Charter of fundamental rights of the European Union, 2012.

 

  1. D) Judgements of the ECJ
  2. Judgment of the ECJ (2 February 1988). Commission of the European Communities v Kingdom of Belgium, Case 293/85, Case 293/85, European Court Reports 1988 -00305.
  3. Judgment of the Court of First Instance (Second Chamber, extended composition) (22 May 1996). Associazione Italiana Tecnico Economica del Cemento (AITEC) v Commission of the European Communities, Case T-277/94.
  4. Order of the Court of First Instance (26 November 1996). kuchlenz- winterv.council, case T-167/95.
  5. Judgment of the ECJ (25 September 2003).PSchlüsselverlag J.S. Moser and Others v Commission, Case C-170/02
  6. Order of General Court (6 September 2011). Mugraby v Council and Commission II-255, Case T-292/09.
  7. Judgment of the General Court (2011). Ryanair v Commission, Case T-442/07 .
  8. Judgment of the ECJ (17 November 1992). Commission Greece, Case 105/91.
  9. Judgment of the ECJ) 10 July 1990) .Commission Germany, Case 217/88.
  10. judgment of the ECJ (14 April 2011). Commission v Romania, Case 522/09.
  11. Judgment of the ECJ (15 October 2009). Audiolux SA and Others Groupe Bruxelles Lambert SA (GBL) and Others, Bertelsmann AG and Others, Case 101/08.
  12. Judgment of the ECJ (15 October 2015). Commission v Greece, C-167/14.
  13. Judgment of the ECJ (16 September 2015).Commission Slovak Republic, C-433/13.
  14. Judgment of the ECJ (18 June 1991), ERTAE, on the interpretation of the EEC Treaty, in particular Articles 2, 3(f), 9, 30, 36, 85 and 86, C-260/89.
  15. judgment of the ECJ (18 October 2018). Commission v Romania, C‑301/17, not published, EU:C:2018:846.
  16. Judgment of the ECJ (21 January 2010). European Commission v Federal Republic of Germany, C-546/07.
  17. Judgment of the ECJ (21 March 2019). European Commission v Italian Republic, C-498/17.
  18. Judgment of the ECJ (22 February 2018). European Commission v Hellenic Republic, C-328/16.
  19. Judgment of the ECJ (22 March 1994). Commission v Spain, C-375/92.
  20. Judgment of the ECJ (28 March 2019), Commission Ireland, ECLI:EU:C:2019:269.
  21. Judgment of the ECJ (29 September 1998). Commission Germany, C-191/95 .
  22. Judgment of the ECJ (4 July 2018) .Commission v. Slovak Republic , C-626/16.
  23. Judgment of the ECJ (7 September 2016). Commission v Greece, C-584/14.
  24. Judgment of the ECJ (19 November 2013). European Commission v Council of the European Union, C‑196/12.
  25. Judgment of the ECJ (23 November 2017) .Bionorica SE and Diapharm GmbH & Co. KG v European Commission. Joined Cases C-596/15 P and C-597/15.
  26. Judgment of the ECJ (13 November 1964). Commission v. Luxembourg and Belgium. - Joined cases 90/63 and 91/63. 
  27. Judgment of the General Court (11 December 2014). Heli-Flight GmbH & Co. KG v European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA). T‑102/13.
  28. Judgments of the ECJ (28 March 1985). Commission v Italy, 274/83.
  29. Order of the General Court (24 June 2016). Onix Asigurări SA v European Insurance and Occupational Pensions Authority (EIOPA). Case T-590/15.