نوع مقاله : علمی-پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 دانشجوی دکتری حقوق بین‌الملل دانشکدۀ حقوق و علوم سیاسی دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران
2 استاد، دانشکدۀ حقوق و علوم سیاسی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران
چکیده
اتحادیۀ اروپا تنها سازمان بین‌المللی است که مسئولیت اعضا و نهادهای خود به سبب ترک فعل را تحت قواعد و مقررات خاص خود قرار داده است. در این زمینه دو نوع دعوای ترک فعل در حقوق اتحادیۀ اروپا در مراجع قضایی این اتحادیه مطرح می‌شود؛ اول دعاوی‌ای که علیه دولت‌های عضو اتحادیه مطرح می‌شود که این دعاوی خود به دو دسته تقسیم می‌شود. دستة اول دعاوی‌ای که کمیسیون اروپایی رأساً علیه دولت‌ها به سبب ترک فعل مطرح می‌کند و دستة دوم دعاوی‌ای که دولت‌های عضو علیه یکدیگر مطرح می‌کنند. نوع دوم از دعاوی ترک فعل علیه نهادهای اتحادیۀ اروپا مطرح می‌شود. در هر دو نوع از این دعاوی خواهان باید مهلتی به دولت یا نهادهای اتحادیه برای اجرای تعهد یا پاسخگویی اعطا کند و در صورت عدم پاسخگویی علیه خوانده طرح دعوا کند. در دعاوی علیه نهادهای اتحادیۀ اروپایی بر خلاف دعاوی ترک فعل علیه دولت‌ها، اشخاص حقیقی و حقوقی نیز حق طرح دعوای ترک فعل علیه نهادهای اتحادیه را دارند. پس از طرح دعوا دیوان دادگستری اروپایی دولت یا نهادی را که مرتکب ترک فعل شده است، به اجرای تعهد ملزم می‌کند.
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
Responsibility of EU member states and institutions for failure to act in the ECJ practice
نویسندگان [English]
- Ali Ahadi Karnagh 1
- Abbasali Kadkhodaee 2
1 Ph.D. Student in International Law, Faculty of Law and Political Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
2 Professor, Public and International Law Department, Faculty of Law and Political Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]
The European Union is the only international organization that has placed the international responsibility of its member states and institutions under special rules and regulations for failure to act. In this regard, two categories of claims for failure to act may be submitted to the EU judicial organs. First, claims for failure to act against member states: these claims consist of two types. claims that brought directly by the European Commission against member states and the claims that member states bring about before the EU courts against each other. Second, are claims for failure to act that raises against EU institutions. In both categories of litigation, the plaintiff must give member states or the EU institutions an opportunity to fulfill their obligation or respond, and if they do not respond, then the plaintiff can bring its claim before ECJ. In claims against EU institutions, unlike claims against member states, natural and legal persons also have the right to bring claims against EU institutions. Then the ECJ engages and enforce member states or institution to comply with their obligations.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
- European Union
- failure to act
- European Commission
- European Court of Justice
- فارسی
- مقالات
- عابدینی، عبدالله (1396). رژیم خاص حقوقی اتحادیۀ اروپا: ویژگی‌ها و آثار. مطالعات حقوق عمومی، 47(4)، 957-977.
- انگلیسی
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- Judgment of the ECJ (19 November 2013). European Commission v Council of the European Union, C‑196/12.
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- Judgment of the General Court (11 December 2014). Heli-Flight GmbH & Co. KG v European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA). T‑102/13.
- Judgments of the ECJ (28 March 1985). Commission v Italy, 274/83.
- Order of the General Court (24 June 2016). Onix Asigurări SA v European Insurance and Occupational Pensions Authority (EIOPA). Case T-590/15.
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