فصلنامه مطالعات حقوق عمومی دانشگاه تهران
دانشکده حقوق و علوم سیاسی دانشگاه تهران

حمایت از کودکان در فضای دیجیتال در پرتو تفسیر عمومی شمارة 25 کمیتة حقوق کودک

نوع مقاله : علمی-پژوهشی

نویسندگان

احسان شهسواری 1
سحر حسنی 2

1 استادیار، گروه حقوق، دانشکدة حقوق و علوم سیاسی، دانشگاه مازندران، بابلسر، ایران

2 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد حقوق بین‌الملل، دانشکدة حقوق و علوم سیاسی، دانشگاه مازندران، بابلسر، ایران

https://doi.org/10.22059/jplsq.2022.339409.3038
چکیده
فضای دیجیتال به‌عنوان بستری واجد کاربری دوگانه، اسباب تعالی و تخریب کودکان را توأمان هموار می‌سازد؛ آگاهی، آموزش، کسب دانش متعالی، نقض حریم خصوصی، هرزه‌نگاری و تجاوز دیجیتال در این فضا قابل حصول‌اند. این امور نمایی تردیدآمیز از فضای دیجیتال به‌دست می‌دهد. التزام اطراف کنوانسیون حقوق کودک به صیانت از مصالح عالیه کودک متضمن آن است که در تمامی محیط‌ها خواه واقعی و دیجیتال تهدیدها علیه کودکان زائل شود. از نظر کمیته حقوق کودک حق بقای کودکان، حیات و تعالی کودک، عدم تبعیض در دسترسی و بهره‌مندی، رعایت مصالح عالیه کودک و لزوم توجه به دیدگاه‌های وی، چارچوب کلی تضمین حقوق کودک در فضای دیجیتال را شکل می‌دهد. پرسش اصلی چگونگی ترسیم این چارچوب است. به‌نظر می‌رسد ترسیم چارچوب حقوقی صیانت از کودکان در فضای دیجیتال ابتدا متوجه اطراف کنوانسیون حقوق کودک است که باید از طریق تدابیر جامع و مناسب تقنینی، اجرایی و قضایی و در پرتو مفاهیمی همچون نظارت مستقل، اشاعة اطلاعات، آگاهی‌بخشی و آموزش، مشورت با جامعه مدنی و دسترسی به عدالت و جبران خسارت محقق شود. رسالت نوشتار توصیفی- تحلیلی حاضر با نظر به تفسیر عمومی شماره 25 کمیته حقوق کودک شناخت ابعاد این تعهد بین‌المللی است. 

کلیدواژه‌ها

تفاسیر کلی
رویه بعدی
فضای دیجیتال
کمیته حقوق کودک
مصالح عالیه کودک
موضوعات

عنوان مقاله English

Legal Framework for the Protection of Children's Rights in the Digital Environment in light of CRC General Comment No. 25

نویسندگان English

Ehsan Shahsavari 1
sahar hasani 2
1 Assistant Prof., Department of Law, Faculty of Law and Political Science, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran
2 MA Student in International Law, Faculty of Law and Political Science, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran
چکیده English

The digital environment as a dual-use platform enables the excellence and destruction of children at the same time. Awareness, education, acquisition of transcendent knowledge, privacy violation, pornography, and digital aggression are attainable in this environment. Hence, we have a doubtful view about this space. The obligation of UNCRC state parties in the protection of the best interests of the children entails the eradication of all threats against them in all environments, digital or non-digital. In the CRC point of view the right to life, survival, and development of children, non-discrimination in access and use, observance of the best interests of the child, and respect for the views of the child create the overall framework for ensuring the children's rights in relation to the digital environment. The main question is how to form this framework. It seems that forming the legal framework for protecting children's rights in relation to the digital environment first is depended on CRC states parties and must be achieved by appropriate, and comprehensive legislative, executive, and judicial measures in light of criteria's such as independent monitoring, dissemination of information, raising awareness and education, cooperation with civil society and access to justice and remedies. The objective of this descriptive-analytical research is to identify dimensions of this international obligation in light of the CRC general comment No. 25.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Committee on the rights of the child (crc)
digital environment
the best interests of the child
general comments
subsequent practices

  1. انگلیسی

    1. Books
    2. Buga, I. (2018). Modification of Treaties by Subsequent Practice. Oxford University Press.
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    12. Committee on the Rights of the Child (CRC), General comment No. 2, 2002
    13. Committee on the Rights of the Child (CRC), General comment No. 5, 2003
    14. Committee on the Rights of the Child (CRC), General comment No. 10, 2007
    15. Committee on the Rights of the Child (CRC), General comment No. 12, 2009
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    17. Committee on the Rights of the Child (CRC), General comment No. 14, 2013
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    21. Committee on the Rights of the Child (CRC), General comment No. 19, 2016
    22. Committee on the Rights of the Child (CRC), General comment No. 20, 2016
    23. Committee on the Rights of the Child (CRC), General comment No. 21, 2017
    24. Committee on the Rights of the Child (CRC), General comment No. 24, 2019
    25. Committee on the Rights of the Child (CRC), General comment No. 25, 2021
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    27. Human Rights Committee (CCPR), General comment No.17, 1989
    28. Human Rights Committee (CCPR), General comment No.18, 1989
    29. Human Rights Committee (CCPR), General comment No.36, 2021

     

    1. Treaties
    • Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, 1984
    • Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women, 1979
    • Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, 2006
    • Convention on the Rights of the Child, 1989
    • International Convention for the Protection of All Persons from Enforced Disappearance, 2007
    • International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, 1966
    • International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination, 1965
    • International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, 1966
    • Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties (VCLT.I), 1969
    • Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties between States and International Organizations or between International Organizations (VCLT.II), 1986

     

    1. D) Judgments
    • International Court of Justice, Judgment No.2867 of the Administrative Tribunal of the International Labour Organization upon a Complaint Filed against the International Fund for Agricultural Development, Advisory Opinion of 1 February 2012
    • International Court of Justice, Questions relating to the Obligation to Prosecute or Extradite (Belgium v. Senegal), Judgment of 20 July 2012

     

    1. Other documents
    • International Law Commission, Draft conclusions on subsequent agreements and subsequent practice in relation to the interpretation of treaties, 2018
    • International Law Commission, Fifth report on subsequent agreements and subsequent practice in relation to the interpretation of treaties, 2018
    • International Law Commission, Report of the Sixty-third session (26 April-3 June and 4 July-12 August 2011), A/66/10/Add.1
    • Principles relating to the Status of National Institutions (The Paris Principles), Adopted by General Assembly resolution 48/134, 1993
    • UNICEF, the State of the World's Children 2017, Children in a Digital World
    • UNICEF, The State of the World's Children 2021, Promoting, protecting and caring for children’s mental health
فصلنامه مطالعات حقوق عمومی دانشگاه تهران
دوره 54، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 38
تابستان 1403
تابستان 1403
صفحه 1001-1023

  • تاریخ دریافت 01 اسفند 1400
  • تاریخ بازنگری 20 فروردین 1401
  • تاریخ پذیرش 02 خرداد 1401

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