نوع مقاله : علمی-پژوهشی
نویسنده
دانش آموختۀ دکتری حقوق بین الملل عمومی، دانشکدۀ حقوق و علوم سیاسی، دانشگاه علامه طباطبایی، تهران، ایران.
چکیده
دولت ها با وجود آگاهی از فوریت های مطرحشده در خصوص آثار تغییر اقلیم توسط نهادهایی همچون هیأت بین الدولی تغییر اقلیم، هنوز از پذیرش تعهدات مربوط به کاهش انتشار گازهای گلخانه ای اجتناب میورزند. اگرچه آثار تغییر اقلیم توجه و نگرانی جامعۀ بین المللی را به خود جلب کرده است، تقریباً هیچ دعوایی مربوط به آثار تغییر اقلیم در نهادهای قضایی و شبه قضایی بین المللی وجود ندارد. با توجه به تعریف وسیع کنوانسیون سازمان ملل متحد در خصوص حقوق دریاها از آلودگی محیط زیست دریا، این کنوانسیون پتانسیل بالایی برای ارائۀ ابزارهایی برای جبران خسارات کشورهای تحت تأثیر تغییر اقلیم از جمله کشورهای در حال توسعۀ کوچک جزیرهای دارد. به موجب کنوانسیون فرصت انتخاب مرجع رسیدگی به همراه روش داوری که گزینۀ پیش فرض است، وجود دارد. اگرچه دیوان بین المللی دادگستری و دادگاه بین المللی حقوق دریاها گزینۀ بهتری برای پروندههای مربوط به آثار تغییر اقلیم همراه با خواندگان متعدد است، احتمال اینکه دیوان داوری موردی، به دلیل پیش فرض بودن، تنها گزینۀ واقع بینانه باشد بیشتر است، مگر اینکه طرفین به انتقال دعوا به مرجع دیگری توافق کنند. در هر حال، طرح اینگونه دعاوی به موجب روش های حل وفصل اختلافات مندرج در کنوانسیون حقوق دریاها میتواند آثار تغییر اقلیم بر اقیانوس ها از جمله انقراض گونه ها، آلودگی دریا و بالا آمدن آب دریاها را اثبات و در آینده از بروز آنها جلوگیری کند.
کلیدواژهها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
Feasibility of Litigation for the Effects of Climate Change on the Marine Environment Under the Law of the Sea Convention
نویسنده [English]
- Hajar Raee Dehaghi
Ph.D. in Public International Law, Faculty of Law and Political Science, University of Allameh Tabataba'i University, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]
Governments are still reluctant to accept commitments to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, despite being aware of the emergencies raised by the impact of climate change by institutions such as the Intergovernmental Panel on climate change. Although the effects of climate change have attracted the attention of the international community, there are almost no disputes in international judicial and quasi-judicial institutions. The convention on the law of the sea defines marine environmental pollution, thereupon has great potential to provide tools for compensating countries affected by climate change. According to the convention, there is an opportunity to choose the tribunal along with the arbitration method which is the default option. Although the International Court of Justice and the international tribunal for the law of the sea are better options for cases involving multiple defendants, a case arbitral tribunal is more likely to be the only realistic option by default, unless the parties agree to transfer the case to another authority. Such litigation through dispute resolution procedures set out in the Convention on the Law of the Sea can prove the effects of climate change, including species extinction, marine pollution and rising sea levels and prevent from occurring in the future.
کلیدواژهها [English]
- Climate change
- dispute resolution
- convention on the law of the sea
- marine environment
- فارسی
الف) کتاب
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ب) مقالات
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- انگلیسی
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