دانشکده حقوق و علوم سیاسی دانشگاه تهران

نوع مقاله : علمی-پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار گروه حقوق عمومی و بین‌الملل، دانشکدۀ حقوق و علوم سیاسی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران

2 دانشجوی دکتری حقوق بین‌الملل، دانشکدۀ حقوق و علوم سیاسی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران

10.22059/jplsq.2022.344879.3114

چکیده

جدایی از خانواده، محرومیت از تحصیل، دسترسی نداشتن به تغذیه، بهداشت، درمان و امداد بشردوستانه نمونه‌هایی از مخاطرات و آسیب‌های پیش روی کودکی معلول به‌هنگام مخاصمۀ مسلحانه است. وضعیت حقوقی کودکان دارای معلولیت که با توجه به شرایط خاص خود از آسیب‌پذیرترین اقلیت‌ها به‌هنگام مخاصمات مسلحانه شمرده می‌شوند، در سال‌های اخیر از مهم‌ترین موضوعات در حقوق بین‌الملل محسوب می‌شود. پژوهش حاضر در پی پاسخ پرسشی مبنی بر چیستی حقوق این کودکان در مخاصمات مسلحانه و چگونگی تضمین آن در اقدامات جامعۀ جهانی است. فرض ما بر این است که تضمین حقوق این کودکان در مخاصمات مسلحانه با استناد بر اسناد حقوق بشری و بشردوستانه مرتبط در این زمینه و اقدامات عملی صورت‌گرفته از سوی جامعۀ جهانی در مسیری حرکت می‌کند که آنها را در حمایت‌های کلی بشردوستانه، برابر با سایرین و در بهره‌مندی از امداد بشردوستانه در اولویت قرار دهد. 

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

The Protection of the Rights of Children with Disabilities in Armed Conflicts

نویسندگان [English]

  • Ahmad Momenirad 1
  • Jeyran Asemi 2

1 Associate Prof., Public Law Department, faculty of law and Political science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

2 Ph.D. Student in International Law, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

چکیده [English]

Separation from the family, deprivation of education, lack of access to nutrition, health, treatment, and humanitarian aid are examples of the dangers and leading injuries of a disabled child during an armed conflict. The legal status of children with disabilities, who are considered to be the most vulnerable minorities during armed conflict due to their special circumstances, has been one of the most important issues in international law in recent years. The present study seeks to answer the question of what the right of these children in armed conflict is and how to ensure it in the actions of the international community. Our assumption is that by relying on relevant human rights and humanitarian instruments in this area and the practical actions taken by the international community, the guaranteeing the rights of these children in armed conflicts is moving in a direction that puts them on an equal footing with others with respect to the general humanitarian protection and prioritizes them in benefiting from the humanitarian aids.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Armed Conflicts
  • Humanitarian law
  • Human Rights Law
  • Rights of Child
  • Rights of Children with disabilities
  1. فارسی

الف) کتاب‌ها

  1. ضیایی بیگدلی، محمدرضا (1396). حقوق بین‌الملل بشردوستانه. تهران: گنج دانش.

 

ب) مقالات

  1. توسلی نائینی، منوچهر؛ طباطبایی، مینو و جاگیری، راحله (1398). بررسی حقوق اجتماعی و توانبخشی کودکان معلول در اسناد بین‌المللی و قوانین ایران. فصلنامۀ حقوق کودک، 4، 61-83.
  2. رمضانی قوام‌آبادی، محمدحسین (1390). حمایت از معلولین در حقوق بین‌الملل. فصلنامۀ علمی-پژوهشی رفاه اجتماعی، 41، 307-442.
  3. مروت، مجتبی (1385). حقوق کودکان در مخاصمات مسلحانه. فصلنامۀ حقوق عمومی، 18، 139-171.
  4. نصر اصفهانی، احمد (1388). حمایت از حقوق معلولان در چارچوب کنوانسیون افراد دارای معلولیت. خبرنامۀ کانون وکلای دادگستری اصفهان، 33.

 

  1. انگلیسی
  2. A) Books
  3. Gill, M., & Schuld-Vials, C. (2010). Disability, Humanitarians, and the Limits of Humanitarianism. Abingdon: Routledge.
  4. Heymamn, J., Sprague, A., & Rub, A. (2020). Advancing Equality. California: University of California Press.
  5. Parikh, C. (2017). Writing Human Rights: The Political Imaginaries of Writers of Color. London: University of Minnesota Press.

 

  1. B) Articles
  2. Black, C. (2017). Defying Double Discrimination. The Jobs Hopkins University Press, 8(1), 95-104.
  3. Breen, Cl. (2003).The Role of NGOs in the Formulation and Compliance with Optional Protocol to the Convention of the Rights of Child on Involvement of Children in Armed Conflicts. Human Rights Quarterly, 25(2), 453-481.
  4. Kothari, J. (2010). The UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities: An Engine for law Reform in India. Economic and Political Weekly, 45(18), 66-72.
  5. Peek, L., & Stough, L. M. (2010). Children with Disabilities in the Context of Disaster: A Social Vulnerability Perspective. Willy, 181(4), 1260-1270.
  6. Priddy, A. (2021). Military Briefing: Persons with Disabilities and Armed Conflicts. general Academy of International Humanitarian law and Human Rights.
  7. Rosental, E. (2021). The promise of the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities to Protect all Children. International Journal of Disability and Social Justice, 1(1), 95-117.
  8. UNICEF (2021). Children with Disabilities in Situation of Armed Conflicts: Discussion Paper. UNICEF.org/disabilities

 

  1. C) Documents
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  3. Diplomatic Conference on the Reaffirmation and Development of International Humanitarian law Applicable in Armed Conflicts, Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949 and Relating to the Protection of the Victims of Non-International Conflicts (Protocol II),1977.
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  6. International Committee of the Red Cros (ICRC), Geneva Convention Relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War (The 3rd Geneva Convention), 1949.
  7. International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC), Customary International Humanitarian Law, 2005.
  8. Office of the Representative of the Secretary General for Children and Armed Conflicts, Study of the Evolution of the Children and Armed Conflicts Mandate 1996-2021, United Nations, 2022.
  9. Security Council, S/2019/674, Report of Secretary General, Implementation of SecurityCouncilResolution2139(2014),2165(2014),2165(2014),2191(2014),2258(2015),2332(2016),2393(2017), 2401(2018), and 2449(2018).
  10. UN General Assembly, Rome Status of the International Criminal Court, 1988.
  11. UN General Assembly, United Nations Disability Inclusion Strategy, 2019.
  12. UNICEF, Guidance on Including Children with Disabilities in HumanitarianAction,2017.http://training.UNICEF.org/disability/indea.html
  13. United Nations, Convention on the Rights of Child, Treaty series 1577, 1989.
  14. United Nations, Security Council, Resolution 1539(2004), S/RES/ 1539, 2004.
  15. United Nations, Security Council, Resolution 1998(2011), S/RES/1998, 2011.
  16. United Nations, Security Council, Resolution 2225(2015), S/ Res/ 2225, 2015.
  17. United Nations, Security Council, Resolution 2475(2019), S/RES/2475, 56th Meeting, 2019.
  18. United Nations, Security Council, Resolution 2601(2021), S/RES/2601, 2021.
  19. United nations, UN General Assembly, Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, 2006.
  20. World Health Organization, Promoting Rights and Community Living for Children with Psychosocial Disabilities, 2015.
  21. World Health Organization, World Report on Disability, 2011.
  22. World Humanitarian Summit, Charter on Inclusion of Persons with Disabilities in Humanitarian Action, 2016. http://humanitariandisabilitycharter.org