نوع مقاله : علمی-پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 دانشجوی دکتری حقوق عمومی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد علوم و تحقیقات تهران، تهران، ایران
2 دانشیار، گروه حقوق عمومی، دانشکده حقوق و علوم سیاسی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران
3 استادیار گروه حقوق عمومی و بین‌الملل، واحد علوم تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران
چکیده
مفهوم امنیت اشتغال اساس رابطۀ کار در ایالات متحدۀ آمریکا را تشکیل میدهد. پرسش این است که مفهوم امنیت اشتغال کارگر چیست؟ و نحوۀ انعکاس آن در ایالات متحدۀ آمریکا چگونه است؟ راهکار تضمین امنیت اشتغال در آمریکا میتواند الگویی مطلوب برای ترسیم امنیت شغلی کارگر در ایران باشد. امنیت شغلی و امنیت اشتغال دو مفهوم متمایز اما مرتبط با یکدیگرند. امنیت اشتغال به این معناست که کارگر با اتکا به توانایی خود، فارغ از نوع رابطۀ استخدامی، بتواند بهراحتی اشتغال مجدد بیابد؛ در حالی که در موضوع امنیت شغلی، کارگر متکی به حمایت دولتی برای تداوم اشتغال خود است. حمایتهای قانونی از کارگران در ایالات متحدۀ آمریکا از طریق حق بر چانهزنی دستهجمعی و حمایتهای فردی استخدام صورت میگیرد. ماهیت رابطۀ کار در ایالات متحدۀ آمریکا بر انعطافپذیری و آزادی طرفین در خاتمه دادن به قرارداد کار مبتنی است. در این کشور در برابر موضوع امنیت شغلی، موضوع امنیت اشتغال مطرح شده است. سیاستهای اشتغال بهدلخواه، بهعنوان مکمل امنیت اشتغال، رابطۀ کار در آمریکا را یک رابطۀ قراردادی فرض میکند و موجب انعطافپذیری هر چه بیشتر و جابه‌جایی کارگران در بخشهای مختلف اقتصادی به جای ثبات شغلی شده است.
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
Employment security in labour relationship in legal system of the United States
نویسندگان [English]
- Jafar Barati 1
- Bizhan Abbasi 2
- Saber Nyavarni 3
1 Ph.D. Student in Public law, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran.
2 Associate Prof., Department of Public Law, Faculty of Law and Political Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
3 Assistant Professor Department of Public and International Law, Research Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]
The concept of employment security forms the basis of the employment relationship in the United States. The question is what is the meaning of worker employment security? And how is it reflected in the United States? The solution to ensure employment security in the United States can be a good model for drawing the job security of workers in Iran. Job security and job security are two distinct but related concepts. Employment security means that the worker can easily find re-employment based on his ability, regardless of the type of employment relationship, while in the discussion of job security, the worker relies on government support to maintain his employment. Legal protection for workers in the United States is provided through the right to collective bargaining and individual employment protections. The nature of the employment relationship in the United States is based on the flexibility and freedom of the parties to terminate the employment contract. In this country, the issue of job security has been raised against the issue of job security. Voluntary employment policies, as a complement to employment security, assume the employment relationship in the United States as a contractual relationship, leading to greater flexibility and the relocation of workers to different sectors of the economy instead of job stability.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
- Job security
- United States
- employment security
- the at-will employment
- employment relationship
- فارسی
الف) کتاب
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- انگلیسی
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- C) Cases
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- Adkins v. Children’s Hospital, U.S(1923)
- Clark v. E.I. DuPont de Nemours & Co., 105 F.3d 646 (4th Cir. 1997) (per curiam).
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- Vaca v. Sipes, 386 U.S. 171, 177, 182 (1967); Steele, 323 U.S. at 200–02.
منابع الکترنیکی
- Chen, James (2020) 'what is promissory Estoppel, https://www.investopedia.com/terms/ p/promissory_estoppel.asp.
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