دانشکده حقوق و علوم سیاسی دانشگاه تهران

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار دانشکدة حقوق و علوم سیاسی، دانشگاه علامه طباطبایی

2 دانشجوی دکتری حقوق بین‌الملل عمومی، دانشکدة حقوق و علوم سیاسی، دانشگاه علامه طباطبایی، تهران

چکیده

امروزه افزایشنقش و ظرفیت شرکت‌های فراملی از یک‌سو و عدم پاسخ‌گویی آن‌ها از سوی دیگر سبب شده است که امکان نقض حقوق بشری از سوی این شرکت‌ها به یکی از دغدغه‌های مدافعان حقوق بشر تبدیل شود. تجربة ناموفق دولت‌های ملی به‌ویژه دولت‌های در حال توسعه در جلوگیری از نقض حقوق بشر از سوی این واحدهای اقتصادی قدرتمند سبب شد که موضوع ایجاد و اعمال تعهدات مستقیم حقوق بشری برای این شرکت‌ها به‌کمک نظام حقوق بین‌الملل و نظام‌های منطقه‌ای مطرح شود. اتحادیة اروپا به‌سبب برخورداری از ویژگی منحصر به فرد توان قاعده‌گذاری مستقیم برای شرکت‌ها و التزام قطعی به تعهدات حقوق بشری از قابلیت‌های فراوانی برای پیشگامی در این مسیر برخوردار است. در این مقاله با استفاده از روش تحلیلی ـ توصیفی ظرفیت‌های این سازمان به‌منظور ایجاد تعهدات مستقیم حقوق بشری برای شرکت‌های فراملی و همچنین موانع موجود در این مسیر بررسی می‌شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Obstacles and capacities in the European Union regarding the establishment of direct human rights obligations for transnational corporations

نویسندگان [English]

  • Seyed Ghasem Zamani 1
  • Nasim Rahmannasab Amiri 2

1 Associate Professor, Faculty of Law and Political Science, Allame Tabatabai University, Tehran, Iran

2 PhD Student of Public International Law, Faculty of law and Political Science, Allame Tabatabai University, Tehran, Iran

چکیده [English]

The recent increased role and capacities of transnational corporations on the one hand, and the lack of accountability towards human rights violation on the part of the mentioned corporations on the other, have provoked serious human rights concerns among human rights defenders. The unsuccessful experience of national legal systems, particularly those of developing states, to prevent human rights violations inflicted by such powerful entities is the main reason for raising the discussion on creating and imposing direct human rights obligations upon transnational corporations within both International Law and regional legal systems. The unique characteristics of the European Union i.e. The ability to enact and impose direct human rights and obligations for transnational corporations as well as its absolute commitment to human rights, have made The Union one of the most prominent pioneers in this field. With the use of descriptive and analytical method of study, this paper seeks to review the existing obstacles and capacities of the European Union in order to establish direct human rights commitments upon transnational corporations.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Accountability
  • direct obligations
  • European Union
  • human rights
  • Transnational Corporations

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