دانشکده حقوق و علوم سیاسی دانشگاه تهران

نوع مقاله : علمی-پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار بخش حقوق، دانشکدۀ حقوق و الهیات، دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان، کرمان، ایران

2 دانش‌آموختۀ کارشناسی ارشد حقوق بین‌الملل، دانشکدۀ حقوق و علوم سیاسی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران

چکیده

حقوق بین‌الملل آب همچون سایر رشته‌های حقوقی از مجموعه‌ای از اصول ماهوی و شکلی تشکیل شده است. در واقع جامعۀ حقوقی بین‌المللی اصول حقوقی ماهوی و شکلی متفاوتی را برای رفع مشکل تخصیص و توزیع آبراهه‌های بین‌المللی مقرر کرده است. از مهم‌ترین اصول ماهوی که به‌طور گسترده‌ای در حقوق بین‌الملل، رویۀ دولت‌ها، آثار معتبر نویسندگان حقوقی، حقوق موضوعه و رویۀ قضایی پذیرفته شده، دو اصل بهره‌برداری منصفانه و معقول و اصل منع آسیب شایان توجه است. نظریاتی گوناگون در خصوص ارتباط و نحوۀ اجرای این دو اصل مطرح شده است. دیدگاه غالب حقوقدانان مبتنی بر برتری اصل بهره‌برداری منصفانه و معقول و تلقی اصل منع آسیب به‌مثابۀ تابع اصل بهره‌برداری منصفانه و معقول است. با نگاهی عمیق به مواد کنوانسیون 1997، سایر اسناد حقوقی در این زمینه و همچنین آرای قضایی می‌توان دریافت که اصل منع آسیب، اصل ماهوی مستقلی در حقوق بین‌الملل آب است که تقابلی میان آن و اصل بهره‌برداری منصفانه و معقول وجود ندارد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Relationship between Reasonable and Equitable Principle and No-harm Principle in the International Watercourses Law based on the 1997 Convention

نویسندگان [English]

  • Negin Shafiei Bafti 1
  • Shima Soleimani 2

1 Assistant Prof., Department of Law, Faculty of Law and Theology, Shahid Bahonar University, Kerman, Iran

2 A. in International Law, Faculty of Law and Political Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

چکیده [English]

International Water Law like other legal branches is composed of a set of substantive and procedural principles. In fact, international legal community has established different legal principles in order to solve the problem of allocation and distribution of international watercourses. Two of the most important of these principles that are widely accepted in international law, the practice of governments, the works of legal scholars, case law, and jurisprudence, are equitable and reasonable principles and no-harm principle. The prevailing view is that the principle of equitable and reasonable use is given priority and the principle of no-harm is in subordinate to this principle. A deeper look at the articles of the 1997 Convention and other legal documents in this field and judicial judgments shows that the principle of no-harm is an independent principle in international water law that there is no conflict between this principle and the principle of equitable and reasonable.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • International Watercourses
  • Equitable and Reasonable Use Principle
  • No-harm Principle
  • Convention on the Law of the Non-navigational Uses of International Watercourses 1977
  • Helsinki Rules
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