فصلنامه مطالعات حقوق عمومی دانشگاه تهران
دانشکده حقوق و علوم سیاسی دانشگاه تهران

دیالکتیک تئوری‌ها و عناصر قواعد آمره در حقوق بین الملل

نوع مقاله : علمی-پژوهشی

نویسندگان

سیدهادی محمودی 1
فرهاد باقری 2

1 استادیار دانشکده حقوق، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران

2 دانشجوی دکتری حقوق بین‌الملل، دانشکده حقوق، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران

https://doi.org/10.22059/jplsq.2021.325248.2795
چکیده
قواعد آمره می‌توانند حافظ نظم، ارزش‌ها و اهداف یک نظام حقوقی باشند. وجود قواعد آمره در یک نظام حقوقی نشان از پیشرفتگی یک نظام حقوقی دارد. از زمان انعقاد معاهدة 1969 وین در خصوص حقوق معاهدات، انتقادهای زیادی از این معاهده به‌دلیل ابهام و تعارض آن با مفهوم قاعدة آمره صورت گرفته است. این در حالی است که مکاتب مختلف حقوق بین‎الملل و حقوقدانان این عرصه، هریک نظریه‌های متفاوتی از این مفهوم ارائه کرده‎اند که ویژگی آمره بودن و گسترة کارکرد آن را به مبانی متفاوتی گره می‎زنند. در این مقاله، نویسنده، با روش فلسفی و تکنیک محض حقوقی، ضمن بررسی عناصر شناسایی قواعد آمره در نظریه‎ها و مکاتب مختلف حقوقی، اثبات می‎کند که نظریات و تئوری موجود، به‌هیچ‌وجه برای شناسایی قواعد آمره کافی نیست و هریک از آنها از فقدان یک عنصر اساسی رنج می‎برد. نویسنده سپس با روش دیالکتیک میان نظرهای مشتت مصالحه ایجاد می‎کند، سپس در بخش نتیجه معیاری فراگیر و جامع به‌منظور شناسایی قاعدة آمره، ارائه می‌دهد که نشان می‎دهد براساس آن، آنچه در مورد قاعدة آمره و شناسایی آن اهمیت دارد، نه ارزش‌ها، اخلاق و نظم عمومی نظام و سلسله‌مراتب قواعد، بلکه کارکرد و اهداف یک نظام حقوقی است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

تکنیک حقوقی
قاعدة آمره
غیرقابل عدول
قاعدة عام‌شمول
نظام
نظم عمومی بین‎المللی

عنوان مقاله English

Dialectic of Theories and the Elements of Peremptory Norms in International Law

نویسندگان English

Seyyed Hadi Mahmoudi 1
Farhad Bagheri 2
1 . Assistant Professor of Law, Faculty of Law, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
2 PhD Student in International Law, School of Law, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
چکیده English

Peremptory norms can preserve the order, values, and objectives of a legal system. If a legal system contains peremptory norms, they indicate its advancement. Since the conclusion of the 1969 Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties, there has been a great deal of criticism regarding the ambiguity of and contradiction in the definition of peremptory norms. Many jurists and schools of international law have developed various theories on the concept of jus cogens that tie its non-derogable characteristic to different foundations. In this article, the writer, applying pure legal techniques, will study the peremptory norms’ recognition elements and will try to reconcile different legal theories regarding the basis of jus cogens, using a dialectical method. Eventually, a comprehensive criterion for recognition of peremptory norms will be presented.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

legal technique
peremptory norms (jus cogens)
non- derogable
erga omnes obligations
international public order
system
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فصلنامه مطالعات حقوق عمومی دانشگاه تهران
دوره 52، شماره 2
تابستان 1401
تابستان 1401
صفحه 687-708

  • تاریخ دریافت 17 خرداد 1400
  • تاریخ بازنگری 02 تیر 1400
  • تاریخ پذیرش 06 تیر 1400

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